Structure-tunable synthesis of titanate nanotube thin films via a simple hydrothermal process

Abstract

In this study, titanium metal acts as the titanium source to prepare oriented titanate nanotube thin film. The effects of preparation parameters, such as reaction temperature, duration and post-treatment conditions, on the film morphology and stability have been examined. A general formation mechanism for oriented titanate nanotube thin film is proposed on the basis of detailed observations of the products using two-dimensional surface SEM studies and TEM images. The overall formation of titanate nanotubes can be summarized as a sequence of four steps: (a) titanium dissolution and alkali titanate hydrogel formation; (b) alkali titanate hydrogel dissolution, increased TiO32−, TiO2(OH)22− or TinO2n+m2m− concentration and layered Na2Ti3O7 formation; (c) layered Na2Ti3O7 growth; (d) nanotube formation via Na2Ti3O7 splitting and the multilayer scrolling process. The Na2Ti3O7 lamellar structures split between the (010) planes into nanosheets.

Tuning the surface microstructure of titanate coatings on titanium implants for enhancing bioactivity of implants

“…[28][29][30][31] Among these techniques, hydrothermal method is one of the most facile techniques due to its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for mass production. Wu and coworkers reported obtaining H 2 Ti 3 O 7 powders with nanotubes, nanofibers, nanowires, and nanobelt structures by the alkali hydrothermal method.…”

Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Net-like Titanate Nanowire Films via Low-temperature and Low-alkali-concentration Route

“…For example, Yada et al have reported that titanate nanotube films can be formed on Ti substrates by hydrothermal treatment of Ti foils in 10 M NaOH solutions at 160℃ [16,17]. Similar studies on the formation of titanate nanotube films via hydrothermal treatment method have also been reported by a number of other research groups [15,[18][19][20][21][22]. Recently, Hu et al have treated Ti foils in 10 M NaOH solutions at 180℃ in the presence of oxidative organic compounds and found that titanate nanowire films, rather than nanotube films, are formed [21].…”

“…15 M) or using a rotating autoclave [9] favors the formation of nanowires. In recent years, the extension of such hydrothermal method to treatment of Ti foils for fabricating titanate nanotube or nanowire films on Ti substrates has also been aroused increasing interest [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] because the formed films can be directly used as photoanodes for photocathodic protection for stainless steel [22] or converted to TiO 2 films for water splitting [20] and decomposition of harmful compounds [21]. For example, Yada et al have reported that titanate nanotube films can be formed on Ti substrates by hydrothermal treatment of Ti foils in 10 M NaOH solutions at 160℃ [16,17].…”

Lead titanate nanotubes synthesized via ion-exchange method: Characteristics and formation mechanism

“…The strong peak centered at 10.5 • , which is attributed to the interlayer spacing of layer nanotubes [36], is assigned to prominent peak (0 0 1) of Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 nanotubes [37]. The obvious diffraction at 2Â = 24.3 • , 28.2 • and 48.3 • are the characteristic peaks of titanate nanotubes Na 2 Ti 3 O 7 [19,[38][39][40]. After washed by hydrochloric acid, the inten- sity of the peak at 28.2 • decreased while the value of the peak at 24.3 • increased, which indicates that the crystal structure has changed.…”