Structure−Surface Property Relationships of Kraft Papers: Implication on Impregnation with Phenol−Formaldehyde Resin

Abstract

The structural features of four different kraft papers were related to their surface properties and to the response upon industrial impregnation with phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resin. The chemical composition and the structure of paper were suggested to be important factors determining the interaction with PF resin, which was assessed by contact angle measurements and surface energy analysis. The presence of fatty matter (extractives) and inorganic fillers together with structural anisotropy of paper confers the difference in affinity of the face and backside of papers toward PF resin. This affects the resin distribution in impregnated precured kraft papers as revealed by microfluorescence spectroscopic analysis of transversal cuts.

Factors Affecting the Dimensional Stability of Decorative Papers under Moistening

“…This behavior strongly influences the final design and appearance of a decorative laminate. The finished product performance depends not only on the impregnation process parameters but also on the specific qualities of raw papers and resins (Roberts and Evans 2005;Kandelbuaer and Teischinger 2010;Bardak et al 2011;Figueiredo et al 2011). Thus, the factors influencing the dimensional stability of decorative papers require further research.…”

“…1) joined together under heat and pressure until the resins are cured: (i) a core of kraft paper sheets impregnated with phenolic resin; (ii) a decorative paper with a printed design impregnated with melamine resin and; (iii) a translucent protective overlay sheet also saturated with melamine resin (Roberts and Evans 2005;Barash 2008;Nemli 2008;Kandelbauer and Teischinger 2010). Decorative laminates are widely used on kitchen counters, desk and table tops, and facing for walls, doors, and flooring, (Nemli 2008;Figueiredo et al 2011) offering an elegant aesthetical effect with different textures, patterns, colors, and designs (Barash 2008). These features, combined with durability, easy maintenance, low cost, and high resistance to wear, stains, and abrasions, have led to a growing demand for laminates that have unique properties for indoor and outdoor design applications (Figueiredo et al 2011).…”

“…Decorative laminates are widely used on kitchen counters, desk and table tops, and facing for walls, doors, and flooring, (Nemli 2008;Figueiredo et al 2011) offering an elegant aesthetical effect with different textures, patterns, colors, and designs (Barash 2008). These features, combined with durability, easy maintenance, low cost, and high resistance to wear, stains, and abrasions, have led to a growing demand for laminates that have unique properties for indoor and outdoor design applications (Figueiredo et al 2011). The increasing global trend dictates that laminates producers provide well-engineered products, where the high standards of surface appearance represent a major quality criterion.…”

A New Methodology to Evaluate the Cure of Resin-Impregnated Paper for HPL

“…The composition and structure of paper have a great influence on surface quality. The presence of fatty matter (extractives) and inorganics fillers together with structural anisotropy of paper confers the difference in affinity of the face and backside of papers towards phenol-formaldehyde resins [4]. The impregnation stage is also important since the resin pick up will also affect the surface quality.…”

“…However, the pressing stage is still the most important process in the production of HPL. During this process the resin flows and cures between layers, thus creating a cross-link and promoting the consolidation of the final laminate [4].…”