Structure Recognition as a Peripheral Process in Odor Quality Coding

Schleppnik, Alfred A.

doi:10.1021/bk-1981-0148.ch009

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…It is generally assumed that the primary process of chemoreception takes place at the cell membrane of these sensory neurons. This process involves physical contact between the stimulant and potential or actual receptor sites which could either be specialists, which react with only one structural class, or generalists, which would react with a multitude of structural classes 51. The odor quality of a compound is defined intrinsically by the chemical structure, its solubility, and its diffusion rate.…”

Section: Differential Receptors: Multi‐analyte Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Molecular Recognition: From Selective to Differential Receptors

Lavigne

Anslyn

2001

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

531

289

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Molecular recognition has evolved from a science designed to understand biological systems into a much more diverse area of research. While work continues to elucidate “nature's tricks” with respect to intermolecular interactions, much attention has turned to the perspective that molecular recognition, by design, can lead to new technologies. Applications ranging from molecular sensing to information storage and even working molecular machines have been envisioned. This review will highlight a few historical hallmarks of molecular recognition oriented at studying the basic science of intermolecular interactions, but then detail recent advances in molecular recognition aimed towards applications in the field of molecular sensing. Rational design can be used to create synthetic receptors with a good deal of predictability and selectivity, and many signal transduction mechanisms exist for converting these receptors into sensors. This is the first topic discussed. The concept of “differential” or “generalized” sensing is then presented, where one uses an array of sensors that do not necessarily conform to the “lock and key” principle. This approach to sensing is inspired by the mammalian senses of taste and smell, which we briefly describe. To mimic senses of taste and smell, one is naturally led to the use of combinatorial libraries, a direction of research that has seen continued growth over the past few years. We summarize the current state of the art in synthetic combinatorial receptors/sensors, and then predict a future direction that the field of molecular recognition will possibly take. The review is not meant for the specialist, but instead for a general audience. It does not present a highly detailed analysis of each individual topic: synthetic receptors, sensors, olfaction/gustation, and combinatorial receptors/sensors. Instead, this review shows how all these fields complement each other and fit together to create sensing devices. Our conclusion is that specific analyte sensing, differential sensing, and combinatorial chemistry can and will be combined to create sensor arrays, and give the subfield of molecular recognition that uses synthetic systems a bright future in this type of sensing scenario.

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Section: Differential Receptors: Multi‐analyte Sensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensing A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Molecular Recognition: From Selective to Differential Receptors

Lavigne

Anslyn

2001

Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.

531

289

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both the senses of taste and smell are chemically based, making their adaptation for sophisticated chemical and biological analyses highly desirable. It is generally assumed that the primary process of chemoreception in the mammalian olfactory system takes place at the cell membrane of these sensory neurons . Like the sense of smell, the mammalian sense of taste occurs as a result of complex chemical analyses that are completed in a parallel fashion at a series of chemically active sites (taste buds).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is generally assumed that the primary process of chemoreception in the mammalian olfactory system takes place at the cell membrane of these sensory neurons. 48 Like the sense of smell, the mammalian sense of taste occurs as a result of complex chemical analyses that are completed in a parallel fashion at a series of chemically active sites (taste buds). These taste buds are located within depressions in the tongue where the molecular and ionic analytes become restricted to allow time for their identification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Multianalyte Sensor Arrays Composed of Chemically Derivatized Polymeric Microspheres Localized in Micromachined Cavities

et al. 2001

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The development of a chip-based sensor array composed of individually addressable polystyrene-poly(ethylene glycol) and agarose microspheres has been demonstrated. The microspheres are selectively arranged in micromachined cavities localized on silicon wafers. These cavities are created with an anisotropic etch and serve as miniaturized reaction vessels and analysis chambers. A single drop of fluid provides sufficient analysis media to complete approximately 100 assays in these microetch pits. The cavities possess pyramidal pit shapes with trans-wafer openings that allows for both fluid flow through the microreactors/analysis chambers and optical access to the chemically sensitive microspheres. Identification and quantitation of analytes occurs via colorimetric and fluorescence changes to receptor and indicator molecules that are covalently attached to termination sites on the polymeric microspheres. Spectral data are extracted from the array efficiently using a charge-coupled device allowing for the near-real-time digital analysis of complex fluids. The power and utility of this new microbead array detection methodology is demonstrated here for the analysis of complex fluids containing a variety of important classes of analytes including acids, bases, metal cations, metabolic cofactors, and antibody reagents.

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“…Es wird allgemein davon ausgegangen, dass der primäre Prozess der Chemoresorption an den Zellmembranen dieser sensorischen Neuronen stattfindet. Dies setzt den Kontakt des Stimulans mit möglichen oder tatsächlich vorhandenen Bindungsstellen voraus, die entweder Spezialisten, die nur mit einer bestimmten Strukturklasse reagieren, sein können oder Generalisten, die mit einer Vielzahl verschiedener Strukturklassen wechselwirken 51. Die Geruchsqualität einer Verbindung wird intrinsisch durch ihre chemische Struktur, ihre Löslichkeit und ihre Diffusionsgeschwindigkeit bestimmt.…”

Section: Differenzielle Rezeptoren: Multianalyt‐erkennungunclassified

Aufspüren eines Paradigmenwechsels auf dem Gebiet der molekularen Erkennung: von den selektiven Rezeptoren zu den differenziellen Rezeptoren

Lavigne

Anslyn

2001

Angew. Chem.

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Das Gebiet der molekularen Erkennung hat ein Stadium erreicht, an dem relativ zielsicher Rezeptoren, die ein hohes Maû an Vorhersagbarkeit und gute Selektivitätseigenschaften gegenüber vielen kleinen und mittelgroûen Molekülen haben, entworfen und synthetisiert werden können. Der Antrieb dieses Ziel zu erreichen, lag vorwiegend darin, die auûergewöhnlich spezifischen bindenden Wechselwirkungen der Natur zu verstehen und nachzuahmen, die exemplarisch in der Schlüssel-Schloss-Analogie zum Ausdruck kommen (Abbildung 1 A). [1] Dennoch gibt es einen Aspekt in den Methoden der Natur, der bisher von präparativ arbeitenden Chemikern weitgehend unbeachtet geblieben ist und erst seit kurzem untersucht wird: die differenzielle Bindung. Mit differenziell ± im Gegensatz zu spezifisch oder selektiv ± beziehen wir uns auf Rezeptoren, die verschiedene Bindungseigenschaften, von denen keine notwendigerweise spezifisch oder gar selektiv sind, aufweisen. Diese Rezeptoren sind eher generalisiert als spezialisiert. Ein derartiger Lösungsansatz bedarf eines Ensembles von Sensoren (Abbildung 1 B) und der Auswertung von Erkennungsprotokollen, die aus Einzelsignalen zusammengesetzt sind. Genau dies ist die Erken-Olefinmetathese. Nach einem anderthalbjährigen Aufenthalt als Postdoc bei Dr. Ronald Breslow an der Columbia University, NY, während dessen er DNA-Hydrolyse-Mechanismen untersuchte, setzte er seine Forschungen an der University of Texas at Austin fort, wo er 1999 zum Full Professor ernannt wurde. John J. Lavigne wurde 1971 geboren und erhielt 1993 seinen BS-Abschluss und 1997 seinen Masters of Education an der St. Lawrence University, NY. Während seiner Promotion an der University of Texas at Austin unter Leitung von Dr. Eric Anslyn entwickelte er Einzel-und Multianalyt-Sensorsysteme. Dr. Lavigne arbeitet gegenwärtig als Forschungsleiter bei Labnetics, einer Firma zur Entwicklung und Vermarktung von Sensorsystemen.

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Structure Recognition as a Peripheral Process in Odor Quality Coding

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Sensing A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Molecular Recognition: From Selective to Differential Receptors

Sensing A Paradigm Shift in the Field of Molecular Recognition: From Selective to Differential Receptors

Development of Multianalyte Sensor Arrays Composed of Chemically Derivatized Polymeric Microspheres Localized in Micromachined Cavities

Aufspüren eines Paradigmenwechsels auf dem Gebiet der molekularen Erkennung: von den selektiven Rezeptoren zu den differenziellen Rezeptoren

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