Structure of the Behavior of American and English Children.

Schoggen, Maxine; Barker, Louise S.; Barker, Roger G.

doi:10.1037/11177-008

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Thus behaviour streams can be organised hierarchically into very long units ('get an education'), long units ('going to school'), short units called 'episodes' ('finding coat', 'saying goodbye to Mother', and 'getting bicycle') and very short, unconsciously executed units ('stepping down first step'). (M. Schoggen, Barker, & Barker, 1963) These different scales of behavioural 'chunking' coincide almost exactly with the routine, scene, event and action hierarchies found in the literature on routine behaviour (Schank & Abelson, 1977). Figure 4 presents an example showing several levels of integration over behavioural elements, with increasingly abstract chunks of behaviour culminating in a behavioural routine.…”

Section: Behavioursupporting

confidence: 73%

The Evo–Eco Approach to Behaviour Change

Aunger

Curtis

2014

Applied Evolutionary Anthropology

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We introduce a new approach to behaviour change called 'Evo-Eco' because of its intellectual roots in evolutionary biology and ecological psychology. This approach is based on the inference that behaviour evolved as a system designed through evolutionary history to provide adaptive responses to rapidly changing or complex environmental conditions. A need for behaviour change should therefore arise when individuals fail to learn appropriately from experience, due to some mismatch between environmental stimuli and learning mechanisms, leading to inappropriate behaviour. The approach therefore begins from a well-established model of how agents typically learn from experience of particular environmental circumstancesthe reinforcement learning model. This basic model is then expanded to determine in greater detail what kinds of learning failures can occur. Consideration of findings from the sciences relevant to components of the learning model -ranging from evolutionary biology, to ecology and psychology -leads to the development of this new model of behaviour change, which also serves as a theoretically justified checklist of factors for practitioners to examine during program development. We also report that the approach has been used to develop effective public health programs involving behaviour change, as well as to novel predictions about behavioural causes (i.e., placement within a routine) which have proved to impact on the ability to change a behaviour. We therefore hope that the Evo-Eco approach will be used by public health workers and, more generally, by (social) marketers to devise more effective campaigns, by policy-makers to improve general well-being, and by the general public as inspiration for their own self-help projects.

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Section: Behavioursupporting

confidence: 73%

The Evo–Eco Approach to Behaviour Change

Aunger

Curtis

2014

Applied Evolutionary Anthropology

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“…3. The units of Midwest children are of shorter duration, on the average, than those of comparable Yoredale, Yorkshire, children (Schoggen, Barker, & Barker, 1963).…”

Section: Psychologists As Transducers: T Datamentioning

confidence: 87%

Explorations in ecological psychology.

Barker

1965

American Psychologist

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276

109

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In this dissertation, the researcher presents the findings of a discourse analytic enquiry on the construction of femininity within a contemporary South African magazine. It is argued that gender is a social construction and that women's magazines provide a channel through which discourse of femininity reaches women. These discourses in women's magazines are often narrow and stereotypical in nature which may limit the development of women's feminine gender identities. A discourse analytic approach was utilised to reveal the different discourses of femininity within a contemporary women's magazines, Cosmopolitan, as well as to indicate how they may contribute to the construction of femininity. From the magazine, relationship-focused articles were selected, from which three predominant discourses of femininity were identified which includes femininity as heterosexual, nurturing, and managerial. An important finding is that competing discourses of empowerment and traditional femininity were evident. This points to the highly complex ways in which gender, specifically femininity, is constructed in the magazine under study.

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Teaching-Learning Ecologies: Mapping the Environment to Structure Through Action

Bailey

Barley

2011

Organization Science

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A lthough organizational theorists have long argued that environments shape organizational structures, they have paid little attention to the processes by which the shaping occurs. This paper examines these processes by showing how environments shape teaching and learning activities, which in turn shape structure. Observational field data from structural engineering groups in three firms and hardware engineering groups in three firms revealed that the two occupations exhibited different patterns of learning episodes and different distributions of actors across those episodes, or what, following the work of Roger Barker, we call two distinct teaching-learning ecologies. After detailing the differences in the two ecologies, we show how these differences emerged from patterns of behavior that were influenced by unique sets of environmental and technological constraints. By demonstrating how actions transform environmental constraints into organizational structure, this paper indicates how research on individual learning in organizations can speak to larger concerns in organizational theory. Moreover, by adopting a synthetic and pragmatic approach to individual learning as a social activity, the paper highlights the role of teachers in workplace learning and casts doubts on the existence of a universal model of how individuals learn at work.

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Structure of the Behavior of American and English Children.

Abstract: STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS of the behavior streams of American and English children are investigated here using the same specimen record data that Barker and Barker used in their study of social actions (Chapter 7).

Cited by 3 publications

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The Evo–Eco Approach to Behaviour Change

The Evo–Eco Approach to Behaviour Change

Explorations in ecological psychology.

Teaching-Learning Ecologies: Mapping the Environment to Structure Through Action

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