Structure of the avian lymphoid system

Nagy, Nándor; Oláh, Imré; Vervelde, Lonneke

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818708-1.00027-0

Cited by 11 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 135 publications

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“…To ensure that our results were not unique to a single pathogen isolate [40], in the second experiment we used a more evolutionarily derived, higher-virulence MG isolate, at a single, low dose (Table 1). In the third experiment, we used transcriptomics to quantify gene expression three days post-inoculation in a secondary lymphoid organ associated with the eye (the Harderian gland) [41]. We compared gene expression in non-infected and MG-infected finches from two more-tolerant (IA, VA) and two less-tolerant (AZ, HI) populations (Table 2, see Results).…”

Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During 2018, we collected Harderian glands from 40 birds on DPI 3 (10 each from AZ, HI, IA, and VA) for Experiment 3. In birds, the Harderian gland, a structure found primarily in animals with nictitating membranes, is populated with lymphocytes and functions as part of the eye-associated lymphoid tissue [41]. We collected tissues within 20 minutes of euthanasia by rapid decapitation and immediately transferred Harderian glands into RNAlater (Cat.…”

Section: Tissue Collection Rna Extraction and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We chose to measure gene expression in the Harderian gland (an eye-associated lymphoid tissue [41]) early in infection to examine localized, innate (e.g., inflammatory) responses that are likely extremely relevant to MG pathology (conjunctivitis) and, therefore, tolerance. As we found an upregulation of many immune genes only in MG-infected birds from less-tolerant populations, selection from MG has potentially favored muting finch immune responses (e.g., inflammatory pathways) that could result in immunopathology.…”

Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid adaptation to a novel pathogen through disease tolerance in a wild songbird

et al. 2023

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Animal hosts can adapt to emerging infectious disease through both disease resistance, which decreases pathogen numbers, and disease tolerance, which limits damage during infection without limiting pathogen replication. Both resistance and tolerance mechanisms can drive pathogen transmission dynamics. However, it is not well understood how quickly host tolerance evolves in response to novel pathogens or what physiological mechanisms underlie this defense. Using natural populations of house finches (Haemorhous mexicanus) across the temporal invasion gradient of a recently emerged bacterial pathogen (Mycoplasma gallisepticum), we find rapid evolution of tolerance (<25 years). In particular, populations with a longer history of MG endemism have less pathology but similar pathogen loads compared with populations with a shorter history of MG endemism. Further, gene expression data reveal that more-targeted immune responses early in infection are associated with tolerance. These results suggest an important role for tolerance in host adaptation to emerging infectious diseases, a phenomenon with broad implications for pathogen spread and evolution.

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Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tissue Collection Rna Extraction and Sequencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plos Pathogensmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rapid adaptation to a novel pathogen through disease tolerance in a wild songbird

et al. 2023

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“…P. Bejdic et al, (2014); S. Guralska & T. Budnik, (2020), S. Guralska et al, ( , 2021 in the Harderian gland of chickens up to 40 days of age, no lymph nodes were observed. The gland is rich in densely arranged plasma cells and lymphocytes (Reem & Khattab, 2018;Nagy et al, 2022). According to the results of a morphometric study of the Harderian gland, the number of lymphoid structures is significantly higher in vaccinated chickens.…”

Section: Figure 5 the Microscopic Structure Of The Harderian Gland Of...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A significant number of plasma cells were located in the glandular part of the organ. Plasma cells are in close contact with epithelial cells and closely envelop the glandular ducts (Nagy et al, 2022). B.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histoarchitectonics of the Harderian gland of chickens in the post-vaccination period

Budnik¹,

Гуральська²,

Pinsky³

et al. 2022

Scientific Horizons

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Understanding the effect of vaccination on the body of chickens is impossible without exploring the morphology of the immune defence organs. The purpose of the study was to identify morphological changes in the Harderian gland of the Haysex Brown chickens aged 1, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 120 days under the influence of vaccination. The following methods were used in the study: anatomical, histological, light-optical, morphometric, and statistical. Histological preparations of the Harderian gland of chickens of different ages (1, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 120 days) of the vaccinated and unvaccinated groups were analysed. The features of the organ structure, its lymphoid structures and their types of forms were explored on histological preparations of the chicken Harderian gland. According to histological studies, it was established that this is a complex tubular lobular gland, which consists of secretory lobules with ducts. The interlobular connective tissue contains a significant number of lymphocytes, plasma cells, and other cells. In vaccinated chickens at 25 days of age, the presence of diffuse lymphoid tissue was noted, which was not observed in the control group, and at 50 days of age - the development of a nodular form of lymphoid tissue, the maximum number of which was observed at 100 days of age. In chickens of 75, 100, and 120 days of the age of the experimental group, the amount of lymphoid tissue in the Harderian gland increased, which was noted in the interlobular connective tissue and secretory lobules. It has been proven that the chicken gland, as a peripheral organ of immune defence, is developed at 50 days of age in both the control and vaccinated groups. The study of morphological changes in the Harderian gland of the poultry of different ages is an important tool for the development of preventive vaccination protocols in modern poultry farming. The results of the study should be considered when improving the technology of rearing and exploitation of chickens to ensure high vitality and, accordingly, productivity

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Deciphering infected cell types, hub gene networks and cell-cell communication in infectious bronchitis virus via single-cell RNA sequencing

Liukang,

Zhao,

Tian

et al. 2024

PLoS Pathog

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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a coronavirus that infects chickens, which exhibits a broad tropism for epithelial cells, infecting the tracheal mucosal epithelium, intestinal mucosal epithelium, and renal tubular epithelial cells. Utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), we systematically examined cells in renal, bursal, and tracheal tissues following IBV infection and identified tissue-specific molecular markers expressed in distinct cell types. We evaluated the expression of viral RNA in diverse cellular populations and subsequently ascertained that distal tubules and collecting ducts within the kidney, bursal mucosal epithelial cells, and follicle-associated epithelial cells exhibit susceptibility to IBV infection through immunofluorescence. Furthermore, our findings revealed an upregulation in the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines IL18 and IL1B in renal macrophages as well as increased expression of apoptosis-related gene STAT in distal tubules and collecting duct cells upon IBV infection leading to renal damage. Cell-to-cell communication unveiled potential interactions between diverse cell types, as well as upregulated signaling pathways and key sender-receiver cell populations after IBV infection. Integrating single-cell data from all tissues, we applied weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to identify gene modules that are specifically expressed in different cell populations. Based on the WGCNA results, we identified seven immune-related gene modules and determined the differential expression pattern of module genes, as well as the hub genes within these modules. Our comprehensive data provides valuable insights into the pathogenesis of IBV as well as avian antiviral immunology.

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Structure of the avian lymphoid system

Cited by 11 publications

References 135 publications

Rapid adaptation to a novel pathogen through disease tolerance in a wild songbird

Rapid adaptation to a novel pathogen through disease tolerance in a wild songbird

Histoarchitectonics of the Harderian gland of chickens in the post-vaccination period

Deciphering infected cell types, hub gene networks and cell-cell communication in infectious bronchitis virus via single-cell RNA sequencing

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