Structure of mitochondrial DNA control region and genetic diversity of Moschus berezovskii populations in Shaanxi Province

Abstract

ABSTRACT. In China, Moschus berezovskii (forest musk deer), a firstclass national protected animal, was earlier widely distributed. However, wild populations of the forest musk deer have declined because of human activity and habitat loss. In order to gather useful information for its conservation and management, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure of this species by analyzing a 632-bp fragment of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region in three wild populations in Shaanxi Province, China. The average A+T content (64.1%) of mtDNA was higher than that of G+C (35.9%). A total of 178 variable sites (about 28.03% of the total nucleotides in the sequence) were detected in 71 individuals. The nucleotide diversity (P I ) in the 71 individuals was 0.04688, and the average nucleotide differences (K) were 21.238. The 71 individuals belonged to 33 haplotypes according to the determined sequences. The average genetic distance (P) among the haplotypes of the species was 0.169. The phylogenetic tree constructed using the neighbor-joining method revealed that these individuals were clustered into three groups, but the individual distribution in those groups was disordered. These data indicated the variation and rich genetic diversity in the three populations of

Population genetic diversity and genetic structure of Spodoptera exigua around the Bohai Gulf area of China based on mitochondrial DNA signatures

“…In recent years, many molecular markers have been used to investigate the phylogeny and biogeography of insect populations (Chatterjee and Tanushree, 2004;Behura, 2006). Due to their strictly maternal inheritance, high evolutionary rates, and lack of recombination, mitochondrial DNA genes have been a popular choice as markers for studying population genetic structures (Avise, 1991;Sunnucks, 2000;Behura, 2006;Feng et al, 2016). Both of the mitochondrial DNA genes cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb) have a moderate evolutionary rate, and a clear evolutionary pattern that is suitable for studies of phylogenetic evolution at the intra-and interspecific levels (Hebert et al, 2003).…”

Changes in the Population Genetic Structure of Captive Forest Musk Deer (Moschus berezovskii) with the Increasing Number of Generation under Closed Breeding Conditions

“…The AFLP was first applied to measure genetic diversity of two populations of captive musk deer populations in Baisha of Sichuan and at a reserve in Jinfeng Mountains, and both populations had high genetic diversity [21,27], but the population in Jinfeng Mountain was higher than that in Baisha [21]. Peng et al detected 27 haplotypes by analyzing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequence of three captive musk deer herds in Sichuan Province [23], and Feng et al also studied the mtDNA D-loop sequence of one captive population and three wild groups in Shaanxi Province, China [24]. They found that the mtDNA D-loop sequence of musk deer in Shaanxi Province showed considerable variation [23,24].…”

“…Peng et al detected 27 haplotypes by analyzing the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop sequence of three captive musk deer herds in Sichuan Province [23], and Feng et al also studied the mtDNA D-loop sequence of one captive population and three wild groups in Shaanxi Province, China [24]. They found that the mtDNA D-loop sequence of musk deer in Shaanxi Province showed considerable variation [23,24]. The genetic differentiation of both wild and captive groups was small, but there was a high degree of exchange of genetic material [24].…”

“…They found that the mtDNA D-loop sequence of musk deer in Shaanxi Province showed considerable variation [23,24]. The genetic differentiation of both wild and captive groups was small, but there was a high degree of exchange of genetic material [24]. These results of previous studies showed that the genetic diversity of captive forest musk deer in China has maintained a high level, which reflected the effectiveness of inbreeding control in the artificial breeding management system of captive forest musk deer.…”

“…The amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker technique was used to compare the genetic diversity of two populations of captive forest musk deer in Baisha of Sichuan Province and Jinfeng Mountains by Zhao et al [21]. Peng et al [22,23] and Feng et al [24] analyzed genetic diversity of the populations of captive forest musk deer in Sichuan and Shaanxi Provinces, China, by comparing their mitochondrial DNA-loop region's sequence structure. Since then, more microsatellite loci have been found in forest musk deer [3,17,25,26].…”