Structure, function, and degeneration of bovine hyaline cartilage: assessment with MR imaging in vitro.

Lehner, K.; Rechl, H.; Gmeinwieser, J.; Heuck, A.; Lukas, H P; Köhl, H.

doi:10.1148/radiology.170.2.2911674

Cited by 180 publications

(95 citation statements)

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“…These relaxation values confirm the dominant effect of the administered gadolinium, since the T1 relaxation value without gad- olinium is reported in the literature to be around 770 msec (15). For T2, our reported T2 relaxation values (with a mean T2 relaxation value of 34 msec) apparently are lower than those found in the literature (2,3,12,16,17). However, these results should be interpreted in the light of a recent study by Goodwin et al (17), in which they evaluated the relationship between T2 relaxation values and the cartilage matrix architecture.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Combined T1‐T2 mapping of human femoro‐tibial cartilage with turbo‐mixed imaging at 1.5T

Breuseghem¹,

Palmieri

Peeters

et al. 2005

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose:To evaluate the influence of Gd-DTPA on cartilage T2 mapping using turbo-mixed (tMIX) imaging, and to show the possible usefulness of the tMIX technique for simultaneously acquiring T1 and T2 information in cartilage. Materials and Methods:Twenty volunteers underwent MRI of the knee using the tMIX sequence before and after gadolinium administration. T1 and T2 maps were calculated. The mean T1 was determined on the pre-and postcontrast T1 maps. T2 relaxation values before and after gadolinium administration were statistically analyzed. Results:The obtained relaxation values are in correspondence with previously published data. The mean T1 before gadolinium administration was 449 msec Ϯ 34.2 msec (SD), and after gadolinium administration it was 357 msec Ϯ 55.8 msec (SD). The postcontrast T1 relaxation range was 221.5-572.8 msec. The mean T2 of the precontrast T2 maps was 34.2 msec Ϯ 3.1 msec (SD), and the mean T2 of the postcontrast T2 maps was 32.5 msec Ϯ 3.1 msec (SD). These are statistically significant different values. A correction for the postcontrast T2 values, using a back-calculation algorithm, yielded a 98% correlation with the precontrast T2 values. Conclusion:The absolute difference of pre-and postcontrast T2 is very small and is ruled out using the backcalculation algorithm. Combined T1-T2 tMIX cartilage mapping is a valuable alternative for separate T1 and T2 cartilage mapping. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI), by virtue of its multiplanar capacity and excellent soft-tissue contrast, is a unique scanning technique for articular cartilage. While the ability to depict the cartilaginous anatomy represents a major advance in the evaluation of chondral abnormalities, a further advantage would be the ability to image and quantify functionally relevant macromolecules within the cartilage itself that are affected by degeneration. Two MRI techniques that have demonstrated promise in this regard are quantitative T2 mapping and T1 mapping after Gd-DTPA administration, known as delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC). Current research suggests that these techniques are complementary, with T2 mapping providing information on structural integrity of the collagen matrix (1-4), and dGEMRIC identifying regions of proteoglycan loss (5-7). The major disadvantages in the application of both techniques are the total length of the scan time needed (approximately 18 minutes) and the geometric mismatch between the acquired images. This geometric mismatch is induced by the technique itself, since T2 mapping is performed before gadolinium administration and dGEMRIC is performed after gadolinium administration. Combining both techniques would resolve this issue, and should deal with the influence of administered gadolinium on T2 mapping. The purpose of our study was to evaluate combined T1-T2 mapping of human cartilage using the turbo-mixed (tMIX) technique (8) and to investigate the influence of administered gadolinium on obtained T2 cartilage maps with this technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS TechniqueThe...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Combined T1‐T2 mapping of human femoro‐tibial cartilage with turbo‐mixed imaging at 1.5T

Breuseghem¹,

Palmieri

Peeters

et al. 2005

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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“…Most studies have also found that the effect of proteoglycans on T 2 is negligible [26,28,50,78,80]. T 2 varies through the depth of articular cartilage, reflecting the depth-dependent content and structure of the collagen matrix (figure 3c), with T 2 increasing from deep to superficial tangential zones [26,29,30,33,81]. T 2 -weighted images can also been used to assess water content in cartilage [15,16].…”

Section: T 2 Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing articular cartilage damage and disease by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging

Chan

Neu

2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that reflects a complex interplay of biochemical, biomechanical, metabolic and genetic factors, which are often triggered by injury, and mediated by inflammation, catabolic cytokines and enzymes. An unmet clinical need is the lack of reliable methods that are able to probe the pathogenesis of early OA when disease-rectifying therapies may be most effective. Non-invasive quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) techniques have shown potential for characterizing the structural, biochemical and mechanical changes that occur with cartilage degeneration. In this paper, we review the background in articular cartilage and OA as it pertains to conventional MRI and qMRI techniques. We then discuss how conventional MRI and qMRI techniques are used in clinical and research environments to evaluate biochemical and mechanical changes associated with degeneration. Some qMRI techniques allow for the use of relaxometry values as indirect biomarkers for cartilage components. Direct characterization of mechanical behaviour of cartilage is possible via other specialized qMRI techniques. The combination of these qMRI techniques has the potential to fully characterize the biochemical and biomechanical states that represent the initial changes associated with cartilage degeneration. Additionally, knowledge of in vivo cartilage biochemistry and mechanical behaviour in healthy subjects and across a spectrum of osteoarthritic patients could lead to improvements in the detection, management and treatment of OA.

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“…9). Studies demonstrating the variation of T 2 across cartilage were first published in 1989 (171). Since then, numerous reports delineate the decreased T 2 in areas where collagen is highly structured (deep zone) [e.g.…”

Section: Quantitative Measurements Of Cartilage Composition In Oamentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis

2006

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and quantitative image analysis technology has recently started to generate a great wealth of quantitative information on articular cartilage and bone physiology, pathophysiology and degenerative changes in osteoarthritis. This paper reviews semiquantitative scoring of changes of articular tissues (e.g. WORMS ¼ whole-organ MRI scoring or KOSS ¼ knee osteoarthritis scoring system), quantification of cartilage morphology (e.g. volume and thickness), quantitative measurements of cartilage composition (e.g. T 2 , T 1rho , T 1Gd ¼ dGEMRIC index) and quantitative measurement of bone structure (e.g. app. BV/TV, app. TbTh, app. Tb.N, app. Tb.Sp) in osteoarthritis. For each of these fields we describe the hardware and MRI sequences available, the image analysis systems and techniques used to derive semiquantitative and quantitative parameters, the technical accuracy and precision of the measurements reported to date and current results from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in osteoarthritis. Moreover, the paper summarizes studies that have compared MRI-based measurements with radiography and discusses future perspectives of quantitative MRI in osteoarthritis. In summary, the above methodologies show great promise for elucidating the pathophysiology of various tissues and identifying risk factors of osteoarthritis, for developing structure modifying drugs (DMOADs) and for combating osteoarthritis with new and better therapy. Copyright # 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.KEYWORDS: osteoarthritis; joint; cartilage; bone; magnetic resonance imaging; knee; image analysis; disease-modifying drugs RATIONALE FOR QUANTITATIVE MRI OF CARTILAGE AND BONE IN OSTEOARTHRITISThe health and integrity of diarthrodial (synovial) joints are prerequisites for pain-free movement and have a major impact on the quality of life. However, the population of individuals above the age of 65 years is rapidly growing and 70% of the women and 60% of the men aged 65 years or older suffer from degenerative joint disease [¼ osteoarthritis (OA)] (1-7). OA has been defined by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) as a 'heterogeneous group of conditions that leads to joint symptoms and signs which are associated with defective integrity of articular cartilage, in addition to related changes in the underlying bone at the joint margins'. It remains an open question whether the initial changes take place in cartilage or bone or other articular tissues and, more importantly, what the causal relationship between these changes is (5-19). Also, within each NMR IN BIOMEDICINE NMR Biomed. 2006; 19: 822-854 Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI:10.1002/nbm.1063 narrowing; JSW, joint space width; K, knee; KLG, Kellgren Lawrence grade; KOSS, knee osteoarthritis scoring system; LF, lateral femoral condyle; LT, lateral tibia; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; MF, medial femoral condyle; MT, medial tibia; OA, osteoarthritis; OAI, Osteoarthritis Initiative; P, patella; PGs, proteoglycans;...

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Structure, function, and degeneration of bovine hyaline cartilage: assessment with MR imaging in vitro.

Cited by 180 publications

References 0 publications

Combined T1‐T2 mapping of human femoro‐tibial cartilage with turbo‐mixed imaging at 1.5T

Combined T1‐T2 mapping of human femoro‐tibial cartilage with turbo‐mixed imaging at 1.5T

Probing articular cartilage damage and disease by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging

Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis

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