Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis

Eckstein, F.; Burstein, Deborah; Link, Thomas M.

doi:10.1002/nbm.1063

Cited by 311 publications

(289 citation statements)

References 227 publications

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“…Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) have been used in recent years to study and diagnose OA (14)(15)(16)(17)(18). In order to probe the tissue integrity, contrast agents can be used in MRI and CT, since the diffusion of charged ions is related to the negatively charged GAG in cartilage (19).…”

Section: Imaging In Oa Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical and depth-dependent glycosaminoglycan concentration in canine medial tibial cartilage 3 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection surgery—a microscopic imaging study

Mittelstaedt¹,

Kahn²,

Xia³

2016

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

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Background: Medical imaging has become an invaluable tool to diagnose damage to cartilage. Depletion of glycosaminoglycans (GAG) has been shown to be one of the early signs of cartilage degradation. In order to investigate the topographical changes in GAG concentration caused by the anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery in a canine model, microscopic magnetic resonance imaging (µMRI) and microscopic computed tomography (µCT) were used to measure the GAG concentration with correlation from a biochemical assay, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), to understand where the topographical and depth-dependent changes in the GAG concentration occur.Methods: This study used eight knee joints from four canines, which were examined 3 weeks after ACLT surgery. From right (n=3) and left (n=1) medial tibias of the ACLT and the contralateral side, two ex vivo specimens from each of four locations (interior, central, exterior and posterior) were imaged before and after equilibration in contrast agents. The cartilage blocks imaged using µMRI were approximately 3 mm × 5 mm and were imaged before and after eight hours submersion in a gadolinium (Gd) contrast agent with an in-plane pixel resolution of 17.6 µm 2 and an image slice thickness of 1 mm. The cartilage blocks imaged using µCT were approximately 2 mm × 1 mm and were imaged before and after 24 hours submersed in ioxaglate with an isotropic voxel resolution of 13.4 µm 3 . ICP-OES was used to quantify the bulk GAG at each topographical location.Results: The pre-contrast µMRI and µCT results did not demonstrate significant differences in GAG between the ACLT and contralateral cartilage at all topographical locations. The post-contrast µMRI and µCT results demonstrated topographically similar significant differences in GAG concentrations between the ACLT and contralateral tibia. Using µMRI, the GAG concentrations (mg/mL) were measured for the ACLT and contralateral respectively, the exterior (54.0±3.

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Section: Imaging In Oa Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographical and depth-dependent glycosaminoglycan concentration in canine medial tibial cartilage 3 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection surgery—a microscopic imaging study

Mittelstaedt¹,

Kahn²,

Xia³

2016

Quant. Imaging Med. Surg.

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“…Although used to confirm an OA diagnosis [12], arthroscopy remains invasive and therefore inappropriate for longitudinal studies. MRI, on the other hand, is a non-invasive technique that is already used clinically to assess tissue damage and cartilage degeneration [13]. Unlike radiography or arthroscopy, MRI can provide three-dimensional morphology of articular joints (figure 2).…”

Section: Articular Cartilage and Changes With Osteoarthritismentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing articular cartilage damage and disease by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging

Chan

Neu

2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that reflects a complex interplay of biochemical, biomechanical, metabolic and genetic factors, which are often triggered by injury, and mediated by inflammation, catabolic cytokines and enzymes. An unmet clinical need is the lack of reliable methods that are able to probe the pathogenesis of early OA when disease-rectifying therapies may be most effective. Non-invasive quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) techniques have shown potential for characterizing the structural, biochemical and mechanical changes that occur with cartilage degeneration. In this paper, we review the background in articular cartilage and OA as it pertains to conventional MRI and qMRI techniques. We then discuss how conventional MRI and qMRI techniques are used in clinical and research environments to evaluate biochemical and mechanical changes associated with degeneration. Some qMRI techniques allow for the use of relaxometry values as indirect biomarkers for cartilage components. Direct characterization of mechanical behaviour of cartilage is possible via other specialized qMRI techniques. The combination of these qMRI techniques has the potential to fully characterize the biochemical and biomechanical states that represent the initial changes associated with cartilage degeneration. Additionally, knowledge of in vivo cartilage biochemistry and mechanical behaviour in healthy subjects and across a spectrum of osteoarthritic patients could lead to improvements in the detection, management and treatment of OA.

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“…In established OA, studies of bone of existing noninvasive (in vivo) analytic methods of subchondral bone changes is low, and small changes are difficult to quantify. (8) Several studies in the rabbit and canine anterior cruciate ligament transaction (ACLT) model of OA (9) showed a decrease of trabecular bone volume (10)(11)(12)(13) and a thinning of the subchondral plate (13)(14)(15) early in the disease process. These changes are in contrast to those found in human end-stage OA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Similarities and discrepancies in subchondral bone structure in two differently induced canine models of osteoarthritis

Intema

Sniekers

Weinans

et al. 2010

Journal of Bone and Mineral Research

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In osteoarthritis (OA), cartilage degradation is accompanied by subchondral bone changes. The pathogenesis and physiology of bone changes in OA are still unclear. The changes in subchondral bone architecture and cartilage damage were compared in differently induced experimental models of OA. Experimental OA was induced bilaterally by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) or by cartilage trauma (Groove model); bilateral sham surgery served as control. Lysylpyridinoline (LP, bone resorption) and C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II, cartilage breakdown) were measured over time. At 20 weeks after surgery, the subchondral cortical plate and trabecular bone of the tibia were analyzed by micro-computed tomography (mCT) and cartilage degeneration was analyzed histologically and biochemically. In both models, cartilage degeneration and cortical subchondral plate thinning were present. CTX-II levels were elevated over time in both models. Subchondral trabecular bone changes were observed only in the ACLT model, not in the Groove model. Correspondingly, LP levels were elevated over time in the ACLT model and not in the Groove model. Interestingly, the trabecular bone changes in the ACLT model were extended to the metaphyseal area. The early decrease in plate thickness, present in both models, as was cartilage damage, suggests that plate thinning is a phenomenon that is intrinsic to the process of OA independent of the cause/induction of OA. On the other hand, trabecular changes in subchondral and metaphyseal bone are not part of a common pathway of OA development and may be induced biomechanically in the destabilized and less loaded ACLT joint. ß

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Quantitative MRI of cartilage and bone: degenerative changes in osteoarthritis

Cited by 311 publications

References 227 publications

Topographical and depth-dependent glycosaminoglycan concentration in canine medial tibial cartilage 3 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection surgery—a microscopic imaging study

Topographical and depth-dependent glycosaminoglycan concentration in canine medial tibial cartilage 3 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection surgery—a microscopic imaging study

Probing articular cartilage damage and disease by quantitative magnetic resonance imaging

Similarities and discrepancies in subchondral bone structure in two differently induced canine models of osteoarthritis

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