Structure-directing property and growth mechanism induced by capping agents in nanostructured ZnO during hydrothermal synthesis—A systematic review

Basnet, Parita; Chatterjee, Somenath

doi:10.1016/j.nanoso.2020.100426

Cited by 93 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 226 publications

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“…In the present study, SC shows a vital role in adjusting the morphology and the size of ZnO samples. The well-known process for the morphological and size changes have been reported in several publications [ 13 , 18 , 19 ]. A similar process is adopted in the present study, but for ZnO particles not Zn ion, to produce the ZnO nanostructures which is affected by the SC.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The formation of functional surface ZnO nanostructures through OA to construct hierarchically structured ZnO in aid of surfactant has been rapidly growing [ 10 , 11 ]. The unique properties of the ZnO semiconductor are caused by the generation of novel phenomena driven by interactions at their interfaces due to the presence of surfactants in between the aligned nanostructures, that promote the OA based on surfactant interaction-related driving forces for self-assembly formation, kinetic stabilization between the intermediate nanoparticles, and control of coalescence preferential crystal face or the morphology of the nanocrystal [ 9 , 12 , 13 ]. The hexagonal wurtzite-type structure of ZnO has the

( P 63 mc ) space group, with two formula units in the unit cell with all atoms occupying

composed of alternating planes of tetrahedral coordinated by O 2− and Zn 2+ ions in an ABAB pattern (hexagonal close packing) at c-axis [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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pH-Dependent Formation of Oriented Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in the Presence of Tannic Acid

2020

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To crucially comprehend the relaying factors behind the growth mechanism of ZnO nanostructures, the needs to understand the cause of preferences in the enhancement of desired physicochemical properties are essential. The particular oriented attachment (OA) is believed to become the cause of the classical growth pattern of ZnO nanostructures which is mainly controlled by the Ostwald ripening (OR) process. In the present work, the concerns over the systematic changes in size and the morphological surface of ZnO nanostructures upon exposure to tannic acid (TA) prepared by drop-wise method turns the particles to different surface adjustment state. Here, we assessed the TA capping ability and its tendency to influence the OA process of the ZnO nanostructures. The detailed process of the growth-based TA system via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and FFT autocorrelation revealed the pH effect on their physical properties which proved the transition surface properties state of the particles from rough to smooth states due to oriented attachment. For pure ZnO nanostructures, the surface is almost smooth owing to the strong bonding particles which are then changed to coarsened surface structures upon the introduction of TA. Strong surface adsorption of Zn cations and phenol ligands mediated the agglomerated nanocrystals, surprisingly with smaller nanostructures dimension.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

( P 63 mc ) space group, with two formula units in the unit cell with all atoms occupying

composed of alternating planes of tetrahedral coordinated by O 2− and Zn 2+ ions in an ABAB pattern (hexagonal close packing) at c-axis [ 14 , 15 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH-Dependent Formation of Oriented Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in the Presence of Tannic Acid

2020

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“…The 3D–ZnO structures prepared asper the methods outlined in [ 46 ]. Briefly, 100 mL of 0.1 M zinc nitrate hexahydrate (Zn(NO₃)₂.6H₂O) and 10 mL of 1 M urea were mixed for 5 min.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gr/3D–ZnO Nanocomposites as Humidity Sensors with Enhanced Sensing Response

Lin¹,

Lin

et al. 2021

Polymers

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This work introduces a novel humidity sensor based on a nanocomposite material comprising graphene decorated with three-dimensional flower-like structures of zinc oxide (Gr/3D–ZnO) fabricated via a hydrothermal method with various weight percentages of graphene. The surface structure and morphology of the Gr/3D–ZnO nanocomposite were analyzed using XRD, EDS, SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. The influence of humidity on the electrical properties of the nanocomposite was also investigated. Experiment results revealed that the nanocomposite with 70 wt% of graphene provided high sensitivity (S = 446) with rapid response times (120 s) and recovery times (160 s). These results demonstrate the excellent potential of the proposed Gr/3D–ZnO nanocomposite in monitoring atmospheric humidity. A discussion on the mechanism underlying the effects of humidity on the Gr/3D–ZnO nanocomposite is also provided.

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“…Because of their unique, optical, catalytic, electrical, and magnetic characteristics and enhanced physical characteristics such as thermal, or chemical and mechanical, metal oxide nanoparticles are widely employed for many applications like magnetic materials, cosmetics, batteries, pharmaceuticals, catalysts, optical devices, protective coatings structured materials, and biomaterials [4][5][6][7]. Thus, the preparation of metal oxide semiconductors with different sizes and morphology has gained significant attention due to their excellent chemical stability and thermal property [8][9][10][11]. Among different nanomaterials, ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively employed in many industrial sectors such as electro-optical devices, gas sensors, photocatalysts, antimicrobial agents, antibiotics, and electrode materials [12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural and thermal properties of pure and chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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Pure ZnO and Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles have been synthesized via a facile chemical co-precipitation route and their structural, thermal characteristics were discussed systematically. In the experimental producer, the doping concentration has varied the range, 0.05–0.1 M, while calcined at 600 °C. The influence of Cr-doping on the physical characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles was investigated and addressed. As-prepared samples were analyzed via XRD, FTIR, TGA/DTA, BET, and ICP-MS. XRD analysis shows that ZnO and Cr doped ZnO nanoparticles with average particle sizes between 23 and 39 nm were successfully developed with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The FTIR spectroscopy analysis confirms the existence of chromium in the doped ZnO nanoparticles and the formation of ZnO. The TGA/DTA analysis shows that Cr–ZnO nanoparticles are more thermally stable than ZnO nanoparticles. Moreover, the dopant concentration has been analyzed via ICP-MS and showed a good agreement with the expected chromium concentration. The BET surface area measurement shows that 176.25 m2/g and 287.17 m2/g for un-doped ZnO, and 0.1 M Cr-doped ZnO nanoparticles, respectively. Hence, doping of Cr enhances the surface area and thermal stability. Thus, Cr–ZnO nanoparticles show good thermal stability, and high surface area, which is an excellent characteristices of nanomaterials. Graphic abstract

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Structure-directing property and growth mechanism induced by capping agents in nanostructured ZnO during hydrothermal synthesis—A systematic review

Cited by 93 publications

References 226 publications

pH-Dependent Formation of Oriented Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in the Presence of Tannic Acid

pH-Dependent Formation of Oriented Zinc Oxide Nanostructures in the Presence of Tannic Acid

Gr/3D–ZnO Nanocomposites as Humidity Sensors with Enhanced Sensing Response

Structural and thermal properties of pure and chromium doped zinc oxide nanoparticles

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