Structure and relations of limbic cortex and anterior thalamic nuclei in rabbit and cat

Rose, Jerzy E.; Woolsey, Clinton N.

doi:10.1002/cne.900890307

Cited by 354 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…We have based our general categorization of limbic and nonlimbic thalamic nuclei on the nontransplant projection patterns that we obtained and on previous work from other laboratories showing that certain areas, such as the lateral dorsal and ventral medial nuclei, clearly have a major projection to association limbic cortices, with little if any input to primary sensory or motor regions (16,17). Some nuclei have been shown to clearly project widely and relatively evenly across the cerebral cortical mantle (16,18).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Attraction of specific thalamic input by cerebral grafts depends on the molecular identity of the implant.

Barbe

Levitt

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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The cerebral cortex of mammals differentiates into functionally distinct areas that exhibit unique cytoarchitecture, connectivity, and molecular characteristics. Molecular specification of cells fated for limbic cortical areas, based on the expression of the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP), occurs during an early period of brain development. The correlation between this early molecular commitment and formation of specific thalamocortical connections was tested by using a transplantation paradigm. We manipulated the phenotype of donor limbic and sensorimotor neurons by placing them in different cortical areas of host animals. Labeling of transplanted tissue with the lipophilic dye 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3'3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine was used to assay host thamic neurons projecting to the donor tissue. We found that limbic thalamic axons successfully projected into cortical transplants (i) when LAMP was expressed by early committed limbic cortical neurons, irrespective of their host location, and (ii) when LAMP was expressed by uncommitted sensorimotor progenitor cells whose fate was altered by their new host locale. Thus, the response of cortical neurons to both intrinsic and environmental cues that Influence their molecular phenotype has an important anatomical correlate, the development of specific patterns of thalamocortical connectivity.The emergence of specific phenotypes of developing neurons contributes to the assembly of distinct areal domains in the cerebral cortex. The regulation of phenotypic expression appears to be complex, influenced by an as yet ill-defined array of intrinsic and environmental factors that operate as the cortex forms during ontogeny. Some of the controversies surrounding the issue of cortical specification in the mammalian brain relate to the different effects that environmental manipulations may have on specific phenotypes. For example, the host environment appears to define the projection patterns of layer V neurons of transplanted visual or parietal cortex (1). Afferent interactions with cortical targets modulate some features ofcellular organization, such as the barrels in somatosensory cortex (2). The ontogenetic plasticity of these phenotypes has been suggested by some to indicate an absence of early cortical specification, resulting in interchangeable regions that rely on environmental interactions for histotypic and functional differentiation (3, 4).Examination of other phenotypic traits indicates that there may be some fundamental differences between areas of developing cortex. Thalamic afferent patterning in cortex seems to occur in an ordered fashion during development (5, 6), suggesting that growing fiber systems are somehow able to recognize differences in the developing cortical mantle. Previous studies showed that the limbic system-associated membrane protein (LAMP) (7, 8) is expressed early in the formation of the cerebral cortex (9), at a time [after embryonic day (E)14] when postmitotic neurons destined for limbic cortical regions migr...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Attraction of specific thalamic input by cerebral grafts depends on the molecular identity of the implant.

Barbe

Levitt

1992

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

102

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“…The postsubiculum (area 48) has been described in rats, rabbits, and cats (Brodmann, 1909;Rose and Woolsey, 1948). For the purposes of this paper and the companion paper (Taube et al, 1990) the postsubiculum is defined as the cortical region in the dorsal half of the hippocampal formation that is lateral to retrosplenial cortex, medial to the subiculum, and dorsal to the presubiculum.…”

Section: Anatomy Of Postsubiculummentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-direction cells recorded from the postsubiculum in freely moving rats. I. Description and quantitative analysis

1990

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This paper is a study of the behavioral and spatial firing correlates of neurons in the rat postsubiculum. Recordings were made from postsubicular neurons as rats moved freely throughout a cylindrical chamber, where the major cue for orientation was a white card taped to the inside wall. An automatic video/computer system monitored cell discharge while simultaneously tracking the position of 2 colored light emitting diodes (LEDs) secured to the animal's head. The animal's location was calculated from the position of one of the LEDs and head direction in the horizontal plane calculated from the relative positions of the 2 LEDs. Approximately 26% of the cells were classified as head-direction cells because they discharged as a function of the animal's head direction in the horizontal plane, independent of the animal's behavior, location, or trunk position. For each head-direction cell, vectors drawn in the direction of maximal firing were parallel throughout the recording chamber and did not converge toward a single point. Plots of firing rate versus head direction showed that each firing-rate/head-direction function was adequately described by a triangular function. Each cell's maximum firing rate occurred at only one (the preferred) head direction; firing rates at head directions on either side of the preferred direction decreased linearly with angular deviation from the preferred direction. Results from 24 head-direction cells in 7 animals showed an equal distribution of preferred firing directions over a 360 degrees angle. The peak firing rate of head- direction cells varied from 5 to 115 spikes/sec (mean: 35). The range of head-direction angles over which discharge was elevated (directional firing range) was usually about 90 degrees, with little, if any, discharge at head directions outside this range. Quantitative analysis showed the location of the animal within the cylinder had minimal effect on directional cell firing. For each head-direction cell, the preferred direction, peak firing rate, and directional firing range remained stable for days. These results identify a new cell type that signals the animal's head direction in its environment.

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“…When the regional CBF values were normalized with respect to the whole brain average for each animal, the medial prefrontal cortex showed a consistent and significant higher blood flow in SHR compared to WKY rats. The medial prefrontal cortex in rats is thought to be equivalent of the primate dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (Akert 1964;Rose and Woolsey 1948a;Rose and Woolsey 1948b;Rose and Woolsey 1949), although it is still debated whether rats have such a homologous structure (Preuss 1995). The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex is purported to play a central role in ADHD (Barkley 1998;Giedd et al 2001).…”

Section: Resting Cerebral Blood Flow Differences Between Shr and Wky mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative regional cerebral blood flow MRI of animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Danker

Duong

2007

Brain Research

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The spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) has been widely used as an animal model for attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), a developmental disorder that affects 3-5% of school-age children. Quantitative high-resolution (180×180×1500 μm) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging was performed to evaluate regional CBF in AD/HD rats (SHR, n=7) and control Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY, n=9) in the frontal cortex, motor cortex, sensory cortex, corpus callosum, hippocampus, thalamus, globus pallidus, caudoputamen and whole brain. The accuracy of repeated cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements within animals in these brain regions ranged from 3 to 10% (7 repeated measures) and across animals ranged from 15 to 18% (n = 7 rats), respectively, indicating highly accurate and reproducible CBF measurements. Regional CBF of the SHR were statistically different from those of the WKY rats in all structures analyzed (P<0.05) except for the caudate putamen (P=0.09) and the globus pallidus (P=0.12). Whole brain CBF of the SHR (1.5±0.2ml/gram/min, mean ±SD) was ∼25% higher than that of the WKY rats (1.2±0.2ml/gram/min), likely due to the hypertensive nature of the AD/HD rat model. Following normalization to eliminate global CBF differences, CBF in the medial prefrontal cortex, a structure thought to be the equivalent of the human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and widely implicated in AD/HD, was found to be higher in SHR compared to WKY rats (P<0.05). The only other structure that was found to be statistically different after normalization is the corpus callosum (P<0.05). Since resting cerebral blood flow is intricately coupled to resting neural activity, these results suggest that there was abnormal resting neural activity in the medial prefrontal cortex and the corpus callosum between the control and AD/HD animals, consistent with the hyperactivity, impulsivity, inattention, and other AD/HD-like behaviors in this animal model.

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Structure and relations of limbic cortex and anterior thalamic nuclei in rabbit and cat

Cited by 354 publications

References 15 publications

Attraction of specific thalamic input by cerebral grafts depends on the molecular identity of the implant.

Attraction of specific thalamic input by cerebral grafts depends on the molecular identity of the implant.

Head-direction cells recorded from the postsubiculum in freely moving rats. I. Description and quantitative analysis

Quantitative regional cerebral blood flow MRI of animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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