Quantitative regional cerebral blood flow MRI of animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Danker, Jared F.; Duong, Timothy Q.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.02.082

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…These effects may prevent hypertension development and decrease locomotion in young SHR. Another plausible mechanism is the improvement of regional cerebral blood flow, as its alterations were observed in SHR and children with ADHD [62, 76] and flavanol-rich cocoa consumption improved it in older healthy volunteers [77]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Kluknavsky

Bališ

Púzserová

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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This study investigated the effects of subchronic (−)-epicatechin (Epi) treatment on locomotor activity and hypertension development in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Epi was administered in drinking water (100 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Epi significantly prevented the development of hypertension (138 ± 2 versus 169 ± 5 mmHg, p < 0.001) and reduced total distance traveled in the open-field test (22 ± 2 versus 35 ± 4 m, p < 0.01). In blood, Epi significantly enhanced erythrocyte deformability, increased total antioxidant capacity, and decreased nitrotyrosine concentration. In the aorta, Epi significantly increased nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) activity and elevated the NO-dependent vasorelaxation. In the left heart ventricle, Epi increased NOS activity without altering gene expressions of nNOS, iNOS, and eNOS. Moreover, Epi reduced superoxide production in the left heart ventricle and the aorta. In the brain, Epi increased nNOS gene expression (in the brainstem and cerebellum) and eNOS expression (in the cerebellum) but had no effect on overall NOS activity. In conclusion, Epi prevented the development of hypertension and reduced locomotor hyperactivity in young SHR. These effects resulted from improved cardiovascular NO bioavailability concurrently with increased erythrocyte deformability, without changes in NO production in the brain.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Kluknavsky

Bališ

Púzserová

et al. 2016

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…[8][9][10] At the same time, in other studies using the SHR and WKY models, hypertensive animals had a much higher baseline CBF value than control animals under 2% isoflurane (104 ± 23 versus 71±19 mL/100 g per minute 30 and 150±20 versus120±20 mL/ 100 g per minute. 31 ) However, the fact that we used B1% isoflurane while the other studies used 2% may account for this difference in results. 30 The 2% isoflurane level, typical for surgical procedures, could impair cerebrovascular regulation during a long experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Arterial Blood Volume and Their Reactivity to Hypercapnia in Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats

Kim

Jennings

Kim

2013

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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Chronic hypertension induces cerebrovascular remodeling, changing the inner diameter and elasticity of arterial vessels. To examine cerebrovascular morphologic changes and vasodilatory impairment in early-stage hypertension, we measured baseline (normocapnic) cerebral arterial blood volume (CBV a ) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as hypercapnia-induced dynamic vascular responses in animal models. All experiments were performed with young (3 to 4 month old) spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and control Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) under B1% isoflurane anesthesia at 9.4 Tesla. Baseline regional CBF values were similar in both animal groups, whereas SHR had significantly lower CBV a values, especially in the hippocampus area. As CBF is maintained by adjusting arterial diameters within the autoregulatory blood pressure range, CBV a is likely more sensitive than CBF for detecting hypertensive-mediated alterations. Unexpectedly, hypercapnia-induced CBF and blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) response were significantly higher in SHR as compared with WKY, and the CBF reactivity was highly correlated with the BOLD reactivity in both groups. The higher reactivity in early-stage hypertensive animals indicates no significant vascular remodeling occurred. At later stages of hypertension, the reduced vascular reactivity is expected. Thus, CBF and CBV a mapping may provide novel insights into regional cerebrovascular impairment in hypertension and its progression as hypertension advances.

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“…There were no apparent cerebral ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions in any of the animals based on T2 and diffusion MRI (data not shown). Danker and Duong previously reported CBF of a number of known anatomical structures in SHR rats without considering the sources of supply arteries (i.e., MRA and arterial diameters and other measurements were not made) (Danker and Duong, 2007). This study focused the relation between supplying arteries and the brain regions that these supplying arteries feed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Arterial spin labeling (ASL) (Detre et al, 1992), in which in-flowing blood water can be magnetically tagged without the need for an exogenous contrast agent, can be used to measure basal CBF and stimulus-evoked CBF changes. With a few exceptions (Danker and Duong, 2007; Kim et al, 2014; Leoni et al, 2011), multimodal MRI applications to study SHR animals are sparse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral angiography, blood flow and vascular reactivity in progressive hypertension

Shen

Huang

et al. 2015

NeuroImage

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Chronic hypertension alters cerebral vascular morphology, cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebrovascular reactivity, increasing susceptibility to neurological disorders. This study evaluated: i) the lumen diameters of major cerebral and downstream arteries using magnetic resonance angiography, and ii) basal CBF, and iii) cerebrovascular reactivity to hypercapnia of multiple brain regions using arterial-spin-labeling technique in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) at different stages. Comparisons were made with age-matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. In 10-week SHR, lumen diameter started to reduce, basal CBF, and hypercapnic CBF response were higher from elevated arterial blood pressure, but there was no evidence of stenosis, compared to age-matched WKY. In 20-week SHR, lumen diameter remained reduced, CBF returned toward normal from vasoconstriction, hypercapnic CBF response reversed and became smaller, but without apparent stenosis. In 40-week SHR, lumen diameter remained reduced and basal CBF further decreased, resulting in larger differences compared to WKY. There was significant stenosis in main supplying cerebral vessels. Hypercapnic CBF response further decreased, with some animals showing negative hypercapnic CBF responses in some brain regions, indicative of compromised cerebrovascular reserve. The territory with negative hypercapnia CBF responses corresponded with the severity of stenosis in arteries that supplied those territories. We also found enlargement of downstream vessels and formation of collateral vessels as compensatory responses to vasoconstriction upstream vessels. The middle cerebral and azygos arteries were amongst the most susceptible to hypertension-induced changes. Multimodal MRI provides clinically relevant data that might be useful to characterize disease pathogenesis, stage disease progression, and monitor treatment effects in hypertension.

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Quantitative regional cerebral blood flow MRI of animal model of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Cited by 28 publications

References 52 publications

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

(−)‐Epicatechin Prevents Blood Pressure Increase and Reduces Locomotor Hyperactivity in Young Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow and Arterial Blood Volume and Their Reactivity to Hypercapnia in Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats

Cerebral angiography, blood flow and vascular reactivity in progressive hypertension

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