Structure and performance of porous graphitic carbon in liquid chromatography

Knox, John H.; Kaur, Bulvinder; Millward, G. R.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83368-9

Cited by 523 publications

(242 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…So far, many researchers have prepared novel porous carbons with this technique using a variety of inorganic porous templates. [46][47][48][49][50][51] In 1999, two Korean research groups independently obtained mesoporous carbon with a regular structure using a silica mesoporous molecular sieve as a template, and demonstrated that their method is quite effective for the precise control of carbon mesoporosity. 52,53 However, such mesoporous silica templates cannot be used for the synthesis of microporous carbon, and consequently, the control of microporosity.…”

Section: Synthesis Of Ordered Microporous Carbons Using Zeolite Templatementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Various Types of Nano Carbons Using the Template Technique

Kyotani¹

2006

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

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Using uniform nanochannels of an aluminum anodic oxide film as a template, uniform and unique multiwalled carbon nanotubes can be synthesized with a selectivity of 100%. This technique allows one to precisely control the diameters and the length of nanotubes. Moreover, it is possible to chemically modify only the inner surface of carbon nanotubes and to prepare carbon nanotubes with a double coaxial structure of heteroatom-doped multiwalls. The test tube like carbon prepared by this technique was found to be dispersible in water without any post treatment. In addition to this one-dimensional approach, unique microporous carbon can be prepared by the template technique using zeolite Y. The resulting microporous carbons are characterized by their regular ordering, originating from the regularity of the parent zeolite. When the synthesis conditions were optimized, the specific surface area and the micropore volume of the zeolitetemplated carbon reach more than 4000 m 2 g À1 and 1.8 cm 3 g À1 , respectively. This review introduces such a templatemediated approach and highlights how useful and versatile the template technique is for the production of nano carbons.Carbon is an element with a unique ability to bond with itself principally via sp 3 (diamond-like) and sp 2 (graphite-like) hybridization. This versatility gives rise to a rich diversity of structural forms of solid carbon. Most of the materials dealt with in carbon science and industry are considered to be composed of mainly large polycyclic aromatic molecules. The differences in the shape of such macromolecules and the way the molecules assemble (how they stack and how they are connected to one another) again lead to an immense variety of possibilities. If one could control the shape of the macromolecules and the state of their assemblage at the nanometer level, it would be possible to prepare carbon materials with a unique nano structure, thereby expecting novel and useful characteristics from the structure. Such control is, however, a very difficult task, because the nano structure of carbon materials is not uniform by nature, except for perfect graphite and diamond. To illustrate, a drawing of the molecular structure of activated carbon is shown in Fig. 1, where many curved polycyclic aromatic molecules with different sizes and shapes are stacked and connected in very complicated ways, which is quite different from the uniform ordered porous structure of zeolite materials. It is easily understood from this molecular model that control of the shape and the position of each macromolecule in the model is very difficult and essentially impossible. For the ultimate control of the carbon nano structure, it is desirable to build up a carbon structure from small building blocks, i.e., synthesize the structure from small organic molecules using techniques developed in the field of organic synthesis. However, the organic syntheses of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes have not been achieved yet, even by using cutting-edge technology. One of the most powerful and pro...

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Section: Synthesis Of Ordered Microporous Carbons Using Zeolite Templatementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Various Types of Nano Carbons Using the Template Technique

Kyotani¹

2006

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan

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“…More recently, other intriguing non-planar carbon morphologies have appeared, both occurring naturally and produced synthetically [4]- [10]. Beautiful examples are the different forms of polyhedral graphite crystals as those studied by Gogotsi et al [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon nanocones: wall structure and morphology

Naess

Elgsaeter

Helgesen

et al. 2009

Science and Technology of Advanced Materials

120

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Large-scale production of conical carbon nanostructures is possible through pyrolysis of hydrocarbons in a plasma torch process. The resulting carbon cones occur in five distinctly different forms, and disc-shaped particles are produced as well. The structure and properties of these carbon cones and discs have been relatively little explored until now. Here we characterize the structure of these particles using transmission electron microscopy, synchrotron x-ray and electron diffraction. The carbon nanocones are found to exhibit several interesting structural features; instead of having a uniform cross-section, the walls consist of a relatively thin inner graphite-like layer with a non-crystalline envelope, where the amount of the latter can be modified significantly by annealing. The cones appear with a well-defined faceting along the cone edge, demonstrating strict long-range atomic ordering; they also present occasional examples of symmetry breaking, such as two apexes appearing in the same carbon nanocone.

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“…In this case, a charge-induced interaction between graphite carbon and DHMBA might explain the retention. [11][12][13] The theoretical plate of the peak for the Hypercarb column was 13000. We selected the Hypersil GOLD aQ column for quantitative analysis because of its better theoretical plate than that for the Hypercarb column.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%