Structure and origin of the natural halogenated monoterpene MHC-1 and its concentrations in marine mammals and fish

Vetter, Walter; Rosenfelder, Natalie; Kraan, Stefan; Hiebl, Josef

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.06.020

Cited by 31 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The mixed halogenated compound MHC-1 is an HNP emitted from marine natural sources. As earlier confirmed, the seaweed Plocamium cartilagineum is producing large amounts of MHC-1 (Vetter et al, 2008). MHC-1 was, however, not detected in Zeppelin air samples reported in an earlier study (Vetter et al, 2002).…”

Section: Potential Ceacs Without Lratpsupporting

confidence: 52%

Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air, Part II: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air

Röhler¹,

Schlabach²,

Haglund³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> The Norwegian Arctic possess a unique environment for the detection of new potential chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) due to remoteness, sparsely populated and the low number of local contamination sources. Hence, a contaminant present in Arctic air is still considered a priority indication for its environmental stability and environmental mobility. Today, legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and related conventional environmental pollutants are already well-studied since their identification as Arctic pollutants in the 1980s. Many of them are implemented and reported in various national and international monitoring activities including the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program (AMAP). These standard monitoring schemes, however, are based on compound specific quantitative analytical methods. Under such conditions, the possibility for identification of hitherto unidentified contaminants is limited and randomly, at the best. Today, new and advanced technological developments allow a broader, unspecific analytical approach as either targeted multi-component analysis or suspect and non-target screening strategies. In order to facilitate such a wide range of compounds, a wide-scope sample clean-up method for high-volume air samples, based on a combination of adsorbents was applied, followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography separation and low-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (GC&#215;GC-LRMS). During the here reported study, simultaneous non-target and suspect screening were applied. The detection of over 700 compounds of interest in the particle phase and over 1200 compounds in the gaseous phase is reported. Of those, 62 compounds were confirmed with reference standards and 90 compounds with a probable structure (based upon mass spectrometric interpretation and library spectrum comparison). These included compounds already detected in Arctic matrices and compounds not detected previously (see also Figure 1). In addition, 241 compounds were assigned tentative structure or compound class. Hitherto unknown halogenated compounds, which are not listed in the used mass spectral libraries, were also detected and partly identified.</p>

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Section: Potential Ceacs Without Lratpsupporting

confidence: 52%

Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air, Part II: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air

Röhler¹,

Schlabach²,

Haglund³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2,4,6‐Tribromophenol (TBP) and 2,4,6‐tribromoanisole (TBA) were from Sigma‐Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). MHC‐1 was isolated from a seaweed sample 22. Tri‐ and TetraBHD were isolated from sponges 23.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography coupled to electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry with nitrogen as the reagent gas – an alternative method for the determination of polybrominated compounds

Rosenfelder

Vetter

2009

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Gas chromatography in combination with electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry (GC/ ECNI-MS) is a sensitive method for the determination of polybrominated compounds in environmental and food samples via detection of the bromide ion isotopes m/z 79 and 81. The standard reagent gas for inducing chemical ionization in GC/ECNI-MS is methane. However, the use of methane has some drawbacks as it promotes carbonization of the filament and ion source. In this study, we explored the suitability of nitrogen as reagent gas for the determination of brominated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), allyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (ATE) and 2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE)) and halogenated natural products (for instance, methoxylated tetrabrominated diphenylethers and polybrominated hexahydroxanthene derivatives). An ion source temperature of 250-C and a nitrogen pressure of 7 Torr in the ion source gave the highest response for m/z 79 and 81 of virtually all investigated polybrominated compounds. Using these conditions, nitrogen-mediated GC/ECNI-MS usually gave higher sensitivity than the method with methane previously used in our lab. In addition, the ion source was not contaminated to the same degree and the lifetime of the filament was significantly increased. Moreover, the response factors of the different polybrominated compounds with the exception of 2,4,6-tribromophenol were more uniform than with methane. Nitrogen is available at very high purity at relatively low price.

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“…Several in-house libraries with mass spectra of reference standards were used, including 13 C/ 2 H-labelled ISTDs, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 2014 mass spectral library, the Scientific Working Group for the Analysis of Seized Drugs (SWGdrug; Oulton, 2019) mass spectral library, and a customised library with selected spectra from NIST14 for suspect screening for the tentative identification of detected compounds. To create the customised library with selected spectra from NIST14, all mass spectra of compounds from NIST14, which are listed on relevant suspect lists for the Arctic (Reppas-Chrysovitsinos et al, 2017;Brown and Wania, 2008;Coscollà et al, 2011;Hoferkamp et al, 2010;Howard and Muir, 2010;NORMAN network, 2019;Vorkamp and Rigét, 2014;Zhong et al, 2012), were copied to an own library file for more efficient suspect screening. This customised library was useful to detect and flag potential suspects during data processing.…”

Section: Data Processing and Post-acquisition Data Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As shown in Table 1, 39 of 56 compounds that were classified as L1 are listed in one or more suspect lists (Reppas-Chrysovitsinos et al, 2017;Brown and Wania, 2008;Coscollà et al, 2011;Hoferkamp et al, 2010;Howard and Muir, 2010;NORMAN network, 2019;Vorkamp and Rigét, 2014;Zhong et al, 2012) or self-built suspect libraries. From L2 compounds, 17 compounds resemble compounds in one or more suspect lists.…”

Section: Number Of Detected and Classified Compounds In Arctic Airmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air – Part 2: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. The Norwegian Arctic possesses a unique environment for the detection of new potential chemicals of emerging Arctic concern (CEACs) due to remoteness, sparse population and the low number of local contamination sources. Hence, a contaminant present in Arctic air is still considered a priority indication for its environmental stability and environmental mobility. Today, legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and related conventional environmental pollutants are already well-studied because of their identification as Arctic pollutants in the 1980s. Many of them are implemented and reported in various national and international monitoring activities including the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP). These standard monitoring schemes, however, are based on compound-specific quantitative analytical methods. Under such conditions, the possibility for the identification of hitherto unidentified contaminants is limited and random at best. Today, new and advanced technological developments allow a broader, unspecific analytical approach as either targeted multicomponent analysis or suspect and non-target screening strategies. In order to facilitate such a wide range of compounds, a wide-scope sample clean-up method for high-volume air samples based on a combination of adsorbents was applied, followed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography separation and low-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometric detection (GC × GC-LRMS). During the study reported here, simultaneous non-target and suspect screening were applied. The detection of over 700 compounds of interest in the particle phase and over 1200 compounds in the gaseous phase is reported. Of those, 62 compounds were confirmed with reference standards and 90 compounds with a probable structure (based upon mass spectrometric interpretation and library spectrum comparison). These included compounds already detected in Arctic matrices and compounds not detected previously (see also Fig. 1). In addition, 241 compounds were assigned a tentative structure or compound class. Hitherto unknown halogenated compounds, which are not listed in the mass spectral libraries used, were also detected and partly identified.

show abstract

Structure and origin of the natural halogenated monoterpene MHC-1 and its concentrations in marine mammals and fish

Cited by 31 publications

References 33 publications

Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air, Part II: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air

Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air, Part II: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air

Gas chromatography coupled to electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry with nitrogen as the reagent gas – an alternative method for the determination of polybrominated compounds

Non-target and suspect characterisation of organic contaminants in Arctic air – Part 2: Application of a new tool for identification and prioritisation of chemicals of emerging Arctic concern in air

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