Gas chromatography coupled to electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry with nitrogen as the reagent gas – an alternative method for the determination of polybrominated compounds

Rosenfelder, Natalie; Vetter, Walter

doi:10.1002/rcm.4327

Cited by 20 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…When resonance electron capture (EC) ionization was adapted for negative chemical ionization (NCI) mass spectrometry, methane was used as reagent gas to thermalize electrons [4][5][6]. Although more efficient gases for EC-NCI-MS have long been identified [7], methane continues to be the most popular choice [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isobutane Made Practical as a Reagent Gas for Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Newsome

Steinkamp

Giordano

2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. As a reagent gas for positive-and negative-mode chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CI-MS), isobutane (i-C 4 H 10 ) produces superior analyte signal abundance to methane. Isobutane has never been widely adopted for CI-MS because it fouls the ion source more rapidly and produces positive CI spectra that are more strongly dependent on reagent gas pressure compared with methane. Isobutane was diluted to various concentrations in argon for use as a reagent gas with an unmodified commercial gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Analyte spectra were directly compared using methane, isobutane, and isobutane/argon mixtures. A mixture of 10% i-C 4 H 10 in argon produced twice the positive-mode analyte signal of methane, equal to pure isobutane, and reduced spectral dependence on reagent gas pressure. Electron capture negative chemical ionization using 1% i-C 4 H 10 in argon tripled analyte signal compared with methane and was reproducible, unlike pure isobutane. The operative lifetime of the ion source using isobutane/ argon mixtures was extended exponentially compared with pure isobutane, producing stable and reproducible CI signal throughout. By diluting the reagent gas in an inert buffer gas, isobutane CI-MS experiments were made as practical to use as methane CI-MS experiments but with superior analytical performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isobutane Made Practical as a Reagent Gas for Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Newsome

Steinkamp

Giordano

2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Column lengths of 10 up to 50 m have been used. Rosenfelder and Vetter (2009) tried nitrogen as reagent gas for ECNI-MS detection of 2,4,6-TBP, but without satisfactory results. Derivatisation of the brominated phenols may be applied for improving chromatography and detector responses.…”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other derivatising agents include bis-(trimethylsilyl)-trifluoroacetamide and acetic anhydride (Papachlimitzou et al, 2011). Rosenfelder and Vetter (2009) tried nitrogen as reagent gas for ECNI-MS detection of 2,4,6-TBP, but without satisfactory results. Whitfield et al (1997) used a 5 m uncoated deactivated retention gap preceding the capillary GC column in order to protect the column from co-extracted fatty acids.…”

Section: Methods Of Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food: Brominated Phenols and their Derivatives

2012

EFSA Journal

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EFSA was asked by the European Commission to deliver a scientific opinion on brominated phenols and their derivatives, other than tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) or its derivatives, in food. Brominated phenols and their derivatives comprise a complex group of brominated flame retardants, used as reactive as well as additive flame retardants in a large range of resins and polyester polymers. A call for data was issued by EFSA in December 2009. No data on brominated phenols or their derivatives were submitted to EFSA. A limited number of occurrence data, covering the food group "Fish and other seafood", was identified in the literature. Data from European sampling showed that 2,4,6-tribromophenol (2,4,6-TBP) predominates over the other brominated phenols. Toxicity studies are scarce and mostly relates to 2,4,6-TBP. The main targets are liver and kidneys. In a limited repeated dose oral toxicity study a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for 2,4,6-TBP of 100 mg/kg b.w. per day was identified. 2,4,6-TBP was not genotoxic in bacterial tests in vitro, and not in vivo, but induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells in vitro. No long-term toxicity or carcinogenicity studies with 2,4,6-TBP were identified. The CONTAM Panel concluded that due to the limitations and uncertainties in the current database, the establishment of a health based guidance value for 2,4,6-TBP was not appropriate. Therefore, the Panel derived a margin of exposure to assess the level of possible health concern for high consumers of fish, molluscs and crustaceans. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it is unlikely that current dietary exposure to 2,4,6-TBP in the European Union would raise a health concern. Also exposure of infants to 2,4,6-TBP via breast feeding is unlikely to raise a health concern. Due to lack of data a risk assessment of the other brominated phenols or their derivatives is not possible. for the support provided to this scientific opinion.The limited toxicokinetics data suggest that, following oral administration to rats, 2,4,6-TBP is rapidly absorbed, distributed in different tissues such as kidney, lung and liver and eliminated, mainly via urine, within 48 hours. No information was found on metabolic pathways of 2,4,6-TBP. No data on the other brominated phenols considered in this opinion were identified.Data on the toxicity of brominated phenols are generally lacking and most of the sparse information available relates to 2,4,6-TBP. In a few short-term oral toxicity studies in rats, liver and kidneys were the main targets. In a repeated dose oral toxicity study, which was combined with a reproduction/developmental toxicity screening test, a no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for 2,4,6-TBP of 100 mg/kg b.w. per day was identified. In the reproduction/developmental phase of this study, reduced neonatal viability and reduced neonatal body weights were observed at a dose of 1 000 mg/kg b.w. per day. The NOAEL for developmental toxicity was 300 mg/kg b.w.2,4,6-TBP did not induce gene mutations in bacterial cells, but in...

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“…A scan rate of 2 cycles/s was applied, and the filament emission current was set at 50 µA. Nitrogen (5.0; Air Liquide, Bopfingen, Germany) was used as the reagent gas with a pressure of 7 Torr (Rosenfelder & Vetter, 2009).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of hydroxylated fatty acids from the biopolymer of tomato cutin and their fate during incubation in soil

Hauff

Chefetz

Shechter

et al. 2010

Phytochemical Analysis

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Gas chromatography coupled to electron capture negative ion mass spectrometry with nitrogen as the reagent gas – an alternative method for the determination of polybrominated compounds

Cited by 20 publications

References 36 publications

Isobutane Made Practical as a Reagent Gas for Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Isobutane Made Practical as a Reagent Gas for Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Scientific Opinion on Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs) in Food: Brominated Phenols and their Derivatives

Determination of hydroxylated fatty acids from the biopolymer of tomato cutin and their fate during incubation in soil

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