Structure and kinetics of gas hydrates from methane/ethane/propane mixtures relevant to the design of natural gas hydrate storage and transport facilities

Kumar, Rajnish; Linga, Praveen; Moudrakovski, Igor L.; Ripmeester, John A.; Englezos, Peter

doi:10.1002/aic.11527

Cited by 157 publications

(174 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(72 reference statements)

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“…15,16,42,43 Makogon and Holditch 39,40 reported that the presence of KHIs increased the temperature at which hydrates completely decomposed. It is noteworthy, too, that Schicks et al 43 reported that the hydrate decomposition line shifted toward higher temperatures with increasing concentrations of ethane and propane in a gas mixture.…”

Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Gas Hydrate Formation and Decomposition in the Presence of Kinetic Inhibitors. 2. Stirred Reactor Experiments

et al. 2011

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A newly fabricated, stirred reactor was used to investigate hydrate inhibition and decomposition in the presence of two commercial, chemical kinetic inhibitors, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and H1W85281, as well as two antifreeze proteins (AFPs), type I and type III. The longest induction times and the slowest growth rates were observed with HIW8581, with the fastest growth recorded for PVP. Type I AFP (AFP-I) was a more effective inhibitor, with respect to induction time and growth, than either PVP or type III AFP (AFP-III). Complete hydrate decomposition occurred earlier in the presence of any of the inhibitors compared to water controls. However, depending on the type of inhibitor present during crystallization, hydrate decomposition profiles were distinct, with a longer, two-stage decomposition profile in the presence of the chemical kinetic inhibitors (PVP and H1W85281). The fastest, single-stage decompositions were characteristic of hydrates in experiments with either of the AFPs. These results argue that thought must be given to inhibitor-mediated decomposition kinetics in screens and designs of potential kinetic inhibitors. This is a necessary, practical consideration for industry in cases when, because of long shut in periods, hydrate formation may be unavoidable, even when inhibitors are utilized.

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Section: Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Gas Hydrate Formation and Decomposition in the Presence of Kinetic Inhibitors. 2. Stirred Reactor Experiments

et al. 2011

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“…The hydration number is the number of water molecules per guest molecule. It can be determined experimentally by simultaneously using powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy on solid hydrate phase (Kumar et al, 2008(Kumar et al, , 2009aSum et al, 1997;Susilo et al, 2007;Uchida et al, 1999;Udachin et al, 2001) or by solid state NMR spectroscopy (Davidson et al, 1983;Ripmeester and Ratcliffe, 1988). In the presence of THF, the next equation is employed conversion of water to hydrates ðmol%Þ…”

Section: Conversion Of Water To Hydratementioning

confidence: 99%

A new apparatus to enhance the rate of gas hydrate formation: Application to capture of carbon dioxide

Linga

Kumar

Lee

et al. 2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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A new apparatus to enhance the rate of gas hydrate formation: Application to capture of carbon dioxide. Linga, Praveen; Kumar, Rajnish; Lee, Ju Dong; Ripmeester, John; Englezos, Peter IntroductionClathrate hydrate crystallization has been regarded as a potential unit operation for seawater desalination, gas fractionation, gas storage and other applications (Chatti et al., 2005;Davidson, 1973;Englezos, 1993;Makogon, 1981). During the past 15 years the emphasis has been on natural gas storage and transportation (Gudmundsson et al., 2000;Matsuda et al., 2006;Thomas and Dawe, 2003) and on carbon dioxide capture from flue and fuel gases (Aaron and Tsouris, 2005;Kang and Lee, 2000;Klara and Srivastava, 2002;Linga et al., 2007a;Seo et al., 2005). Hydrate formation is also a factor when considering injection of CO 2 into the ocean (Lee et al., 2003;Tsouris et al., 2004Tsouris et al., , 2007. If hydrate is to be formed from liquid water then the efficient contacting of the gas with water plays a key role in the above applications. This is because agglomeration of the hydrate crystals creates a barrier to increased conversion in stirred tank reactors (Englezos, 1996). A schematic illustrating how agglomeration of floating crystals creates a barrier to efficient gas/water contacting which in turn limits the conversion in a stirred tank reactor is provided by Linga (2009). Therefore, the search for efficient gas hydrate formation vessels or reactors is ongoing.Although there are several configurations and patents available in the literature for production of gas hydrates, the choice of the best multi phase reactor is still unknown (Heinemann et al., 2001;Iwasaki et al., 2002;Mori, 2003;Waycuilis and York, 2002;Yamasaki et al., 2003). Mori (2003) reviewed the subject and concluded that there is a need to focus on developing hydrate reactors with much improved hydrate forming efficiencies. One of the new approaches underway to enhance the kinetics of hydrate formation is to employ a fixed bed column with silica gel as a medium to capture CO 2 from flue and fuel gases via hydrate crystallization (Adeyemo et al., in press;Seo et al., 2005) or to employ a slurry bubble column (fluidized bed) arrangement to enhance the rate of hydrate formation (Hashemi, 2009) or use a non-stirred batch reactor with cyclopentane as a promoter (Zhang and Lee, 2009).A small size (volume = 323 cm 3 ) stirred vessel was used in our laboratory to demonstrate how hydrate crystallization can be employed to capture CO 2 from flue and fuel gases (Kumar et al., 2009c;Linga et al., 2007a Linga et al., ,b, 2008. It has also been used to assess the storage potential of natural gas in structure H hydrate systems . The kinetics of gas hydrate formation in this vessel is influenced by mass transfer in a short period of time due to agglomeration of hydrates at gas/liquid interface (Linga, 2009). The need for the enhancement of the rate of gas hydrate formation is more acute when additives are used. For the CO 2 capture applications additives such as tetrahydro...

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“…The hydration number is the number of water molecules per guest molecule. It can be determined experimentally by simultaneously using powder X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy on solid hydrate phase Kumar et al, 2008;Sum et al, 1997;Susilo et al, 2007a;Uchida et al, 1999;Udachin et al, 2007Udachin et al, , 2001 or by solid state NMR spectroscopy (Davidson et al, 1983;Ripmeester and Ratcliffe, 1988). In the presence of THF, the conversion of water to hydrate is determined by the next equation…”

Section: Conversion Of Water To Hydratementioning

confidence: 99%

Capture of carbon dioxide from flue or fuel gas mixtures by clathrate crystallization in a silica gel column

Adeyemo

Kumar

Linga

et al. 2010

International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control

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166

113

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Structure and kinetics of gas hydrates from methane/ethane/propane mixtures relevant to the design of natural gas hydrate storage and transport facilities

Cited by 157 publications

References 37 publications

Natural Gas Hydrate Formation and Decomposition in the Presence of Kinetic Inhibitors. 2. Stirred Reactor Experiments

Natural Gas Hydrate Formation and Decomposition in the Presence of Kinetic Inhibitors. 2. Stirred Reactor Experiments

A new apparatus to enhance the rate of gas hydrate formation: Application to capture of carbon dioxide

Capture of carbon dioxide from flue or fuel gas mixtures by clathrate crystallization in a silica gel column

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