Structure And Function of Human Salivary Mucins

Tabak, Lawrence A.

doi:10.1177/10454411900010040201

Cited by 101 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The major components of saliva are mucins, proline-rich glycoproteins, amylase, lipase and a variety of antimicrobial proteins and peptides that include agglutinin, cystatins, lisozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, histatins and defensins (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17). Numerous less common proteins derived from either active salivary secretion or through plasma filtration have also been identified (18)(19)(20)(21). Analysis of these proteins may provide important information in health and diseased states.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-analytic saliva processing affect proteomic results and biomarker screening of head and neck squamous carcinoma

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of pre-analytical processing on proteomic analysis of saliva and to identify salivary biomarkers for potential clinical applications. Saliva samples from five healthy individuals and three head and neck squamous carcinoma (HNSC) patients were initially depleted of major protein constituents. Saliva from healthy subjects was divided and processed by three different methods prior to liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry technique (LC-MS/MS) analysis. The results showed marked differences amongst the methods. The SDS-PAGE separation and in-gel digestion method yielded the highest number of proteins that included the majority of those identified by the other two methods. The in geldigestion method was used in the LC-MS/MS analysis of saliva from three HNSC patients and the results were compared with those from healthy subjects. Our analysis identified two proteins, ·-1-B-glycoprotein and complement factor B proteins, to be present in patients but not in normal specimens. Paradoxically, cystatin S, parotid secretory factor, and poly-4-hydrolase ß-subunit proteins were detected in most normal salivas but not in patient specimens. Subsequent analysis of complement factor B by Western blotting showed strong immunoreactive bands of complement factor B in HNSC patients' and negative or weakly positive in normal saliva samples. We conclude that: 1) initial saliva processing affects protein analysis, 2) in-gel digestion followed by LC-MS/MS detects the most saliva proteins, 3) certain proteins are differentially found in patient and normal salivas and 4) a small set of proteins can be targeted for future validation for clinical investigation. IntroductionSaliva is a readily accessible secretion that plays an important role in the maintenance of oral homeostasis, tooth integrity, initiation of digestion, and antimicrobial defense (1-3). Saliva is protein rich and may constitute a valuable source of diagnostic and therapeutic markers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC) patients (4-6). The major components of saliva are mucins, proline-rich glycoproteins, amylase, lipase and a variety of antimicrobial proteins and peptides that include agglutinin, cystatins, lisozyme, lactoferrin, immunoglobulins, histatins and defensins (7-17). Numerous less common proteins derived from either active salivary secretion or through plasma filtration have also been identified (18-21). Analysis of these proteins may provide important information in health and diseased states.It has recently been acknowledged that proteomic analysis reflects the net sum of the metabolic and functional states of cells and secretions from tissues (22). Advances in both technological and bioinformatic fields have led to a plethora of efforts to identify diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic targets using human secretions and body fluids (4). However, major obstacles remain to complicate and impede the clinical implementation of this technology in human materials. These include sa...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pre-analytic saliva processing affect proteomic results and biomarker screening of head and neck squamous carcinoma

et al. 2007

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“…Among its functions (Figure 1) are the protection and lubrication of oral tissues, acting as a barrier against irritants, with buffering and cleaning action, maintaining the integrity of the teeth and antibacterial activity, besides acting improving the taste and starting the digestive process [8]. The saliva's lubricity capacity is provided mainly by mucins, they are secreted by the minor salivary glands, having low solubility, high viscosity, high elasticity and strong adhesiveness [6,9,10]. Saliva was used for a long time as a method to monitor the caries risk, being used as biological environment extremely useful as buffering capacity and microbiological evaluation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Salivary Diagnostics, Current Reality and Future Prospects

Silva¹,

Silva²,

Ferreira³

et al. 2015

Emerging Trends in Oral Health Sciences and Dentistry

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“…These nonimmunoglobulin defense factors contribute to the protection of the dental and mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity by modulating microbial colonization and metabolism (16,28,35). Submandibular-sublingual mucins and other salivary glycoproteins, such as the parotid salivary agglutinin, are capable of aggregating oral microorganisms in the fluid phase, which results in clearance of the microorganisms from the mouth by swallowing (27,32,34). Microbial metabolic processes can be inhibited by various factors, including lactoferrin, which deprives bacteria of iron, and the salivary peroxidase system, which can reduce bacterial acid production and the subsequent damaging effect on dental enamel (23) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Identification and Characterization of a Nonimmunoglobulin Factor in Human Saliva That Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferase

Jespersgaard¹,

Hajishengallis

Russell³

et al. 2002

Infect Immun

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Saliva contains an array of nonimmunoglobulin defense factors which are thought to contribute to the protection of the hard and soft tissue surfaces of the oral cavity by modulating microbial colonization and metabolism. Here we report the discovery of a putative innate defense factor in human saliva that inhibits the glucosyltransferase (GTF) of Streptococcus mutans, a virulence enzyme involved in oral colonization by this pathogen. The GTF-inhibiting factor (GIF) was initially identified as a nonimmunoglobulin salivary component that interfered with detection of antibodies to the glucan-binding region (GLU) of GTF by an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay. This inhibitory activity was present in whole saliva and submandibular-sublingual saliva, but it was essentially absent from parotid saliva. GIF inhibited the recognition of S. mutans cell surface-associated GTF by specific antibodies but had no effect on antibodies to other cell surface antigens, suggesting that GIF specifically binds to GTF on S. mutans. GIF purified by size exclusion or affinity chromatography was used for biochemical and functional characterization. Analysis of GIF by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein after staining with Coomassie blue or Schiff's reagent. Heating and reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol of GIF resulted in the release of a ϳ58-kDa protein that was identified as ␣-amylase by Western blotting using anti-␣-amylase antibodies. GLU bound blotted ␣-amylase, suggesting that the latter molecule is the GLU-binding component of the GIF complex. The ability of GTF to synthesize extracellular glucans was inhibited by GIF but not by uncomplexed ␣-amylase or an unrelated high-molecular-weight glycoprotein. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that in human saliva, there is a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein-␣-amylase complex which is capable of inhibiting GTF and may contribute to control of S. mutans colonization in the oral cavity.In addition to the adaptive or specific immunity that is mediated predominantly by secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies, human saliva also contains an array of antimicrobial molecules whose presence does not depend on previous exposure to microbial antigens. These nonimmunoglobulin defense factors contribute to the protection of the dental and mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity by modulating microbial colonization and metabolism (16,28,35). Submandibular-sublingual mucins and other salivary glycoproteins, such as the parotid salivary agglutinin, are capable of aggregating oral microorganisms in the fluid phase, which results in clearance of the microorganisms from the mouth by swallowing (27,32,34). Microbial metabolic processes can be inhibited by various factors, including lactoferrin, which deprives bacteria of iron, and the salivary peroxidase system, which can reduce bacterial acid production and the subsequent damaging effect on dental enamel (23) .

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Structure And Function of Human Salivary Mucins

Cited by 101 publications

References 44 publications

Pre-analytic saliva processing affect proteomic results and biomarker screening of head and neck squamous carcinoma

Pre-analytic saliva processing affect proteomic results and biomarker screening of head and neck squamous carcinoma

Salivary Diagnostics, Current Reality and Future Prospects

Identification and Characterization of a Nonimmunoglobulin Factor in Human Saliva That Inhibits Streptococcus mutans Glucosyltransferase

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