Structure and Function of a Nonruminant Gut: A Porcine Model

Tajima, Kiyoshi; Aminov, Rustam

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2401-3_5

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 195 publications

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“…our results, obtained both by culture-dependent and DGGE method did not show significant differences in LAB counts between litters from treated and untreated sows. The discrepancy could be appointed to the fact that lactobacilli normally inhabit distal part of small intestine; hence the analysis of ileal microbiota would be needed to assess the influence of probiotic treatment of sows on total lactobacilli diversity in the litters ( Tajima and Aminov, 2015 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of Early Gut Colonization by Probiotic Intervention on Microbiota Diversity in Pregnant Sows

et al. 2017

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The aim of this work was to design a novel mixed probiotic culture for piglets and to evaluate its beneficial effect on the piglets’ gut health. The possible mechanisms of probiotic activity, such as adhesion, competitive pathogen exclusion and influence on gut microbiota diversity were determined. Mixed probiotic starter culture is composed of three thermophilic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains: Lactobacillus helveticus BGRA43, Lactobacillus fermentum BGHI14 and Streptococcus thermophilus BGVLJ1-44. The strains BGVLJ1-44 and BGRA43 showed good technological properties (fast milk curdling, strong proteolytic activity). In addition, the strain BGVLJ1-44 produces exopolysaccharide (EPS), BGHI14 is heterofermentative LAB strain with significant immunomodulatory effect, while the strain BGRA43 showed strong antimicrobial activity against different pathogens and exhibited significantly higher level of adhesion to Caco-2 cells comparing to other two strains. Both lactobacilli strains BGRA43 and BGHI14 (p < 0.05), as well as probiotic combination (p < 0.01) significantly reduced the adhesion of Escherichia coli ATCC25922 to Caco-2 cells, while the strains BGVLJ1-44 (p < 0.01) and BGRA43 (p < 0.05) significantly reduced adhesion of Salmonella 654/7E (veterinary isolate). The results of farm trial revealed that treatment of sows with new fermented dairy probiotic influenced the piglets’ gut colonization with beneficial bacteria and reduced the number of enterobacteriaceae in litters from some treated sows (no significant due to high variability among animals). Finally, this is the first study reporting that the treatment of sows with probiotic combination resulted in the improved microbiota diversity in neonatal piglets.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Promotion of Early Gut Colonization by Probiotic Intervention on Microbiota Diversity in Pregnant Sows

et al. 2017

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“…Nutrient requirements of wild animal species are largely unknown and how they are fed is based on a "model" species for which there is already an understanding of their nutritional needs. Often domestic models such as dogs (Bellanger et al, 2015), cats (Vester et al, 2010), swine (Tajima & Aminov, 2015), poultry (Wilkinson, Bradbury, Thomson, Bedford, & Cowieson, 2014), rat (Robbins, 2012), horse (Hagen et al, 2015;Johnson, 2014), rhesus macaque (O'Sullivan et al, 2013), duck (Robbins, 2012), mink (Diez-Leon & Mason, 2016, goat (Weiss, Schook, & Wolfe, 2014), and sheep (Gattiker et al, 2014) are used. Choice of model species will depend on phylogenetic relatedness, similarity in feeding ecology and digestive morphology and physiology.…”

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confidence: 99%

Feeding Asian pangolins: An assessment of current diets fed in institutions worldwide

Cabana¹,

Plowman

Nguyen

et al. 2017

Zoo Biology

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Pangolins are ant specialists which are under intense threat from the illegal wildlife trade. Nutrition has notoriously been their downfall in captivity and is still an issue in regards to rescue and rehabilitation. We analyzed the nutrient content of diets used by institutions that are successfully keeping Asian pangolins and to assess the variety of the ingredients and nutrients, compared these with the nutritional requirements of potential nutritional model species. We performed intake studies at five institutions and also had data from three other institutions. We also analyzed five different wild food items to use as a proxy of wild diet. We observed two categories of captive diets: those mostly or completely composed of insects and those high in commercial feeds or animal meat. Nutrient values were broad and there was no clear rule. The non-protein energy to protein energy ratio of the diets were much higher than the wild food items, more so for those which receive less insects. The average contribution of carbohydrate, fat and protein energy were also further away from the wild samples the less insects they contained. The previously suggested nutritional model for pangolins is the domestic dog which is supported by our relatively large nutrient ranges of apparently successful diets, however due to their highly carnivorous nature; the upper most nutrient intake data are not consistent with this and favor the feline nutrient recommendations. We are unable to render a conclusion of what model is more appropriate based on our data collected.

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“…Taken together with the phylogenetic analysis, we are lacking a holistic understanding from global and host distribution of methanogens to their methanogenic actions. Other publications have also discussed the lack of overall methanogen knowledge, especially knowledge surrounding archaeal functions [123][124][125] . Archaea are a member of the gut microbiome alongside bacteria, fungi and viruses, and without understanding their distribution and functions, we will not understand how archaea influence the gut microbiome system and host health.…”

Section: Differential Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Complete Methanogenic Pathways in Longitudinal Genomic Study of Monogastric Age-Associated Archaea

Feehan

Ran

Dorman

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Archaea perform critical roles in the microbiome system, including utilizing hydrogen to allow for enhanced microbiome member growth and influencing overall host health. With the majority of microbiome research focussing on bacteria, the functions of archaea are largely still under investigation. Understanding methanogenic functions during the host lifetime will add to the limited knowledge on archaeal influence on gut and host health. In our study, we determined lifelong archaea detection and methanogenic functions while assessing global and host distribution of our novel archaeal metagenome assembled genomes (MAGs). We followed 7 monogastric swine throughout their life, from birth to adult (1-156 days of age), and collected feces at 22 time points. The samples underwent gDNA extraction, Illumina sequencing, bioinformatic quality and assembly processes, and MAG taxonomic assignment and functional annotation. Results: We generated 1,130 non-redundant MAGs with 8 classified as methanogenic archaea. The taxonomic classifications were as follows: orders Methanomassiliicoccales (5) and Methanobacteriales (3); genera UBA71 (3), Methanomethylophilus (1), MX-02 (1), and Methanobrevibacter (3). We recovered the first US swine Methanobrevibacter UBA71 sp006954425 and Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii MAGs. The Methanobacteriales MAGs were identified primarily during the young, preweaned host whereas Methanomassiliicoccales primarily in the adult host. Moreover, we identified our methanogens in metagenomic sequences from Chinese swine, US adult humans, Mexican adult humans, Swedish adult humans, and paleontological humans, indicating that methanogens span different hosts, geography and time. We determined complete metabolic pathways for all three methanogenic pathways: hydrogenotrophic, methylotrophic, and acetoclastic. This study provided the first evidence of acetoclastic methanogenesis in monogastric archaea which indicated a previously unknown capability for acetate utilization in methanogenesis for monogastric methanogens. Overall, we hypothesized that the age-associated detection patterns were due to differential substrate availability via the host diet and microbial metabolism, and that these methanogenic functions are likely crucial to methanogens across hosts. This study provided a comprehensive, genome-centric investigation of monogastric-associated methanogens which will further our understanding of microbiome development and functions.

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Structure and Function of a Nonruminant Gut: A Porcine Model

Cited by 9 publications

References 195 publications

Promotion of Early Gut Colonization by Probiotic Intervention on Microbiota Diversity in Pregnant Sows

Promotion of Early Gut Colonization by Probiotic Intervention on Microbiota Diversity in Pregnant Sows

Feeding Asian pangolins: An assessment of current diets fed in institutions worldwide

Novel Complete Methanogenic Pathways in Longitudinal Genomic Study of Monogastric Age-Associated Archaea

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