Structure and Evolution of the Growth Hormone Gene Family

Prolactin and the physiological regulation of its secretion. A review

“…Prolactin (PRL) is an anterior pituitary hormone, which together with the growth hormone (GH) and placental lactogens (PLs) form a family of hormones that probably result from the duplication of an ancestral gene (Cooke et al, 1981;Miller and Eberhardt, 1983;Walker et al, 1991). PLs, which are found only in mammals have presumably an alternative genetic origin, either GH lineage in primate or the PRL lineage in nonprimate animals (Miller and Eberhardt, 1983;Walker et al, 1991).…”

“…PLs, which are found only in mammals have presumably an alternative genetic origin, either GH lineage in primate or the PRL lineage in nonprimate animals (Miller and Eberhardt, 1983;Walker et al, 1991).…”

Production, characterization, and applications of mouse monoclonal antibodies against gonadotropin, somatolactin, and prolactin from common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…The hormonal activity is expressed only after a noncovalent association between these two subunits (Pierce and Parsons, 1981). PRL and SL are protein hormones of the growth hormone (GH) family, the latter considered to have resulted from gene duplication 400 million years ago (Miller and Eberhardt, 1983). Moreover, SL is the newest member of the GH/PRL/SL family of hormones (Ono et al, 1990), but it has only been found in fish.…”

Growth hormones. 1. Polymorphism. (Minireview)

“…With prolactins and placental lactogens (PL) also called chorionic somatomammotropins (CS) they are considered to belong to the same hormone super-family because in many species, and especially in humans, they share a number of biological, immunological and structural characteristics (Wallis, 1978 ;Nicoll, 1982). The members of this family are derived from a common ancestral gene that diverged about 400 million years ago into the GH and the prolactin branches (Miller and Eberhardt, 1983). However, human prolactin is thought to derive from a divergence of GH genes about 20 million years ago, while rat and ruminant prolactins would come from genes of the « prolactin » branch (Miller and Eberhardt, 1983).…”