Structure and development of the free neuromasts and lateral line system of the herring

Blaxter, J. H. S.; Gray, J. A. B.; Best, A. C. G.

doi:10.1017/s0025315400070648

Cited by 80 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Age of the larvae (dph), treatment, and the interaction between dph and treatment significantly affected the dry mass (mixed model ANOVA for dry mass, dph P , 0. Allen et al (1976), Blaxter et al (1983), andde Silva (1974). Data on developmental stages from this study are included.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ damage in Atlantic herring larvae as a result of ocean acidification

Frommel

Maneja

Lowe

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. The dissolution of anthropogenically emitted excess carbon dioxide lowers the pH of the world's ocean water. The larvae of mass spawning marine fishes may be particularly vulnerable to such ocean acidification (OA), yet the generality of earlier results is unclear. Here we show the detrimental effects of OA on the development of a commercially important fish species, the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus). Larvae were reared at three levels of CO 2 : today (0.0385 kPa), end of next century (0.183 kPa), and a coastal upwelling scenario (0.426 kPa), under near-natural conditions in large outdoor tanks. Exposure to elevated CO 2 levels resulted in stunted growth and development, decreased condition, and severe tissue damage in many organs, with the degree of damage increasing with CO 2 concentration. This complements earlier studies of OA on Atlantic cod larvae that revealed similar organ damage but at increased growth rates and no effect on condition.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ damage in Atlantic herring larvae as a result of ocean acidification

Frommel

Maneja

Lowe

et al. 2014

Ecological Applications

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“…Engraulis mordax has 10-11 pairs (3-4 on the head and 6-7 on the trunk; Blaxter et al, 1983) and Sardinops melanosticta has 12 pairs (Matsuoka, 2001). Hatching larvae of Clupea harengus 8-10 (mm) have 6-8 remarkably larges pairs on the head and 10 pairs of neuromasts on the trunk (approximately 1 every four myomeres; O'Connell, 1981).…”

Section: ___________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5). In other clupeiform, such as Clupea and Alosa, it is more common to find undirectional polarity, where neuromasts have either cranial-caudal or dorsalventral polarity (e.g., Blaxter et al, 1983;Shardo, 1996).…”

Section: ___________________mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of free neuromasts in Engraulis ringens and Strangomera bentincki (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) early larvae

Llanos-Rivera¹,

Herrera²,

Tarifeño³

et al. 2014

lajar

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ABSTRACT. Neuromast morphology and distribution are characterized during early ontogeny of anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) and common sardine (Strangomera bentincki). Although both species share morphological features, they show several differences during their early ontogeny, such as size at hatching and yolk absorption. Larvae were obtained from incubation of planktonic eggs (at 12°C), collected during the spawning season 2001 (August-September) at Coliumo Bay. The neuromasts were observed from hatching to 25 days, and the pattern of neuromast appearance, in newly hatched larva, until yolk absorption, was determined using Janus Green staining and scanning electronic microscope. Results showed a similar pattern of neuromast development in both species. At hatching, two pairs of neuromasts were observed in the cephalic area and 8-9 in the rest of the body, which increased to 19 pairs and to 30-39 pairs at a larval size of 11 mm, respectively. On the average, 12 hair cells per neuromast were counted, with little variation among neuromasts. The polarity of these hair cells was closest to multiple polarity. Neuromast positioning for both species, anchoveta and common sardine larvae, are similar to those of Engraulis mordax and Clupea harengus, respectively. The similar development pattern of these species seems to be related to similar functional constraints and close taxonomic affinity. Keywords: neuromasts, larvae, Engraulis, Strangomera, Clupeiforms, Chile. Desarrollo de neuromastos libres en larvas tempranas de Engraulis ringens yStrangomera bentincki (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) RESUMEN. Se caracteriza la distribución y morfología de los neuromastos en la ontogenia temprana de la anchoveta (Engraulis ringens) y sardina común (Strangomera bentincki). Aunque ambas especies comparten varias características morfológicas, muestran diferencias durante la ontogenia temprana, tales como tamaño a la eclosión y absorción de vitelo. Las larvas fueron obtenidas desde la incubación de huevos planctónicos a 12°C, recolectados en la bahía Coliumo durante la estación reproductiva 2001 (agosto-septiembre). Los neuromastos fueron observados desde la eclosión hasta los 25 días posteriores, usando la tinción vital de verde de Jano y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Los resultados muestran un patrón similar de desarrollo en ambas especies. A la eclosión se observaron 2 pares de neuromastos en la región cefálica y entre 8 y 9 en el resto del cuerpo, que a la longitud de 11 mm aumentan a 19 y entre 30 y 39 pares respectivamente. En promedio, se contabilizaron 12 células ciliadas por neuromasto con escasa variación entre neuromastos, con una polaridad cercana a la polaridad múltiple. La posición de los neuromastos de ambas especies, anchoveta y sardina, fueron similares a las descritas para Engraulis mordax y Clupea harengus, respectivamente. El patrón similar de desarrollo de estas especies parece relacionado con sus restricciones funcionales y estrecha afinidad taxonómica.

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“…Free neuromasts are present at hatching in a wide range fish species like northern anchovy (O'Connell, 1981), Atlantic halibut (Blaxter et aL, 1983a), Atlantic herring (Blaxter et aL, 1983b), plaince and turbot (Neave, 1984), Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Kawamura and Ishida, 1985).…”

Section: Differentiation Of Respiratory Red Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenettc Changes in Some Structures of Early Embryos and Larvae of the Big Head Carp, Aristichthys Nobilis

El‐Fiky

2003

Egypt. J. of Aquatic Biolo. and Fish.

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T he present study contributes to many major topics in the developmental biology of fishes: the development of the early respiratory organs, the differentiation of red muscle layer and its specific function, the deveiopment of the visual system, the time of the first feeding, the development of mechanosensory organs (free neuromasts) and finally the development of scales, A provocative question on these topics could be asked: how growing structures adapt themselves to the constantly changing demands of function and behaviour?Morphological, histological and scanning electron microscopic investigations were combined to study the ontogenetic changes in some selected structures of the developing embryos and larvae of the big head carp, Aristichthys nobilis, It was found that the newly hatched larvae have four gill arches. After three days of hatching, small protuberances (filaments) were found on these arches during which such gills were not yet functional. Larvae of 4-5 days old possess four gill arches with series of relatively short filaments, each possesses numerous secondary lamellae (the true respiratory surface) on both sides.The muscle regions in the pre-hatched embryo consist of scattered undifferentiated myoblasts. The body of the recently hatched larva was surrounded by a single layer of muscle fibers (the gills were still in a rudimentary state). The larvae respire almost exclusively through the superficial layer of red muscle fibers. This layer is to great extent short after hatching but diminishes gradually by contracting towards the lateral region of the body until it merges with (or gives rise to ) the proper red muscle fibers of the adult. The present study suggests that there is a close relationship between the rate of differentiation of gill structures and the rate at which the larval 230 Nabil K. EL-Fiky red muscle layer disappears. It seems quite clear the that red layer of muscle fibers and the secondary lamellae of gills serve as organs of gas exchange at different stagesof development. This is expected if one organ is to replace the other without causing a break in respiratory function.In newly-hatched larvae, free neurornasts were already recognized in both the head and trunk regions. During growth, the number of free neurornasts increased. In the head, free neurornasts were located around the eye and nose, their direction of maximum sertsitivity.* Distinct changes in free-neuromasts occurred during the formation of the canal organ. The free neurornasts were become functional as a mechanoreceptors when they well developed cupulae and can detect the origin of mechanical stimuli at this very early stage.The visual system is poorly developed and free of pigment at hatching, and eyes were probably non-functional at this time. The development of eye pigmentation should provide a first feeding larvae with sight.As the larvae develop, the number of the surface neurornasts gradually decreased and finally disappeared. At the same time, the canal organ was formed and the scales has advanced. T...

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Structure and development of the free neuromasts and lateral line system of the herring

Cited by 80 publications

References 17 publications

Organ damage in Atlantic herring larvae as a result of ocean acidification

Organ damage in Atlantic herring larvae as a result of ocean acidification

Development of free neuromasts in Engraulis ringens and Strangomera bentincki (Teleostei, Clupeiformes) early larvae

Ontogenettc Changes in Some Structures of Early Embryos and Larvae of the Big Head Carp, Aristichthys Nobilis

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