Structure and compression strength characteristics of the sintered Mg–Zn–Ca–Gd alloy for medical applications

Lesz, S.; Kraczla, Joanna; Nowosielski, R.

doi:10.1016/j.acme.2018.04.002

Cited by 22 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…With the increase in grinding time (40 and 70 h), the grain size reduction process, which is typical for MA. Similar effects have been observed in similar works [32,39,40].…”

Section: Granulometry and Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Correlating the values of the samples' hardness with their average particle size, it can be said that after a certain amount of time the powders particles are fragmented more thoroughly, thus, decreasing in size. During this process, strong plastic deformation occurs due to constant friction welding and fragmentation which results in an increase in the hardness value [32,[39][40][41][42][43]. Clearly, after 30 h of milling time, the hardness is lower that after 20 h, but it can be correlated to the particle size, as the size after 30 h is bigger as well [32,39,41].…”

Section: Granulometry and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EDS results from the micrographs featuring the measured area for the Mg 65 Zn 30 Ca 4 Gd 1 powder alloy samples after 13,20,30,40, and 70 h ( Figure 5) are presented in Table 3. As it can be seen from the atomic weight distribution, after 13 h, the chemical composition stabilizes, meaning the solid-state diffusion process reaches its peak.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Hence, from 13 h to 70 h the chemical composition is almost identical (statistically negligible) to the assumed composition of Mg 65 Zn 30 Ca 4 Gd 1 . Henceforth, it can be stated that, after 13 h, the particles are chemically homogeneous, which is an important factor for medical applications [40]. The results of the EDS analysis (Table 3)…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of the Mg-Zn-Ca-Gd Alloy after Mechanical Alloying

et al. 2021

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Magnesium-based materials are interesting alternatives for medical implants, as they have promising mechanical and biological properties. Thanks to them, it is possible to create biodegradable materials for medical application, which would reduce both costs and time of treatment. Magnesium as the sole material, however, it is not enough to support this function. It is important to determine proper alloying elements and methods. A viable method for creating such alloys is mechanical alloying, which can be used to design the structure and properties for proper roles. Mechanical alloying is highly influenced by the milling time of the alloy, as the time of the process affects many properties of the milled powders. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were carried out to study the powder morphology and chemical composition of Mg65Zn30Ca4Gd1 powders. Moreover, the powder size was assessed by granulometric method and the Vickers hardness test was used for microhardness testing. The samples were milled for 6 min, 13, 20, 30, 40, and 70 h. The hardness correlated with the particle size of the samples. After 30 h of milling time, the average value of hardness was equal to 168 HV and it was lower after 13 (333 HV), 20 (273 HV), 40 (329 HV), and 70 (314 HV) h. The powder particles average size increased after 13 (31 μm) h of milling time, up to 30 (45–49 μm) hours, and then sharply decreased after 40 (28 μm) and 70 (12 μm) h.

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“…With the increase in grinding time (40 and 70 h), the grain size reduction process, which is typical for MA. Similar effects have been observed in similar works [32,39,40].…”

Section: Granulometry and Hardnesssupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Granulometry and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of the Mg-Zn-Ca-Gd Alloy after Mechanical Alloying

et al. 2021

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“…Other options such as synthetic bone graft extenders have properties similar to cadaver bone, however they do not contain the necessary products to stimulate bone regeneration (23)( 24) (21). The release of Mg ions in vivo conducive an accumulation of the element around the fracture sites, favoring the formation of cortical bone (25) (26).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bio-fabrication and experimental validation of an Mg – 25Ca – 5Zn alloy proposed for a porous metallic scaffold.

Becerra

Rodríguez

León

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background The bio-fabrication of a porous scaffold from a selection procedure of elements taking into account the biological behavior, using Magnesium (Mg) alloyed with Calcium (Ca) and Zinc (Zn), it could work as a treatment for specific pathologies in trauma and oncology, on the one hand, in osteosynthesis, contributing to osseointegration and contributing to infection control through the release of drugs, additionally, another possible attribute of this alloy would be to be used as a complementary treatment for osteosarcoma, this is due to the basification produced by oxidative degradation. (Attack on cancer cells)(1)(2)(3)(4).Methods The evaluation of cell viability of an alloy of Mg − 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn will strengthen current perspectives on the use of Mg in the clinical evaluation of various treatments in trauma and oncology. Considerations on the preparation of an alloy of Mg − 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn and its morphological characterization, will help to understand the applicability for the development of new surgical techniques and lead to a deeper investigation in the conception of alternative treatments. However, it is very important to bear in mind the mechanical effect of elements such as Ca and Zn, on the degradation of the alloy matrix, the best alternative to predict the biological - mechanical potential starts with the selection of the essential - nutritional elements (5)(6)(7) and its mechanical evaluation by micro-indentation due to the fragility of the matrix (8)(9).Results Therefore, the morphological evaluation of the specimens of Mg − 25 wt% Ca + 5 wt% Zn will show the crystallinity of the alloy; these results together generate a contribution regarding the design of biomedical alloys for use in treatments for various medical specialties.Conclusions The results indicated that cell viability is not affected, and there are no morphological changes in the cells.

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