Structure–activity relationship of alginate oligosaccharides in the induction of cytokine production from RAW264.7 cells

Iwamoto, Mami; Kurachi, Maki; Nakashima, Takuji; Kim, Daekyung; Yamaguchi, Kensei; Oda, Tatsuya; Iwamoto, Yoshiko; Muramatsu, Tsuyoshi

doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2005.07.007

Cited by 251 publications

(174 citation statements)

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“…[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] Oligomeric alginates obtained from lyase degradation of alginate act as oligosaccharines and regulate physiological processes in plants and microorganisms, such as promoting the growth of Bifidobacterium spp., enhancing the germination and shoot elongation in plants. The oligosaccharides exhibit many physiological activities, such as antitumor, stimulating production of cytokines, regulating the blood lipids and sugars.…”

Section: Functionality and Promising Application Of Alginate Lyasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…[5][6][7] They can be used as growth promoters for plants and therapeutic agents such as anticoagulants and tumor inhibitors. [8][9][10] They can also induce the cytokine production and regulate the blood sugar as well as lipid. 11,12 Due to the high-efficiency and high-specificity, alginate lyases for mild degradation have been the focus for various fields.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alginate lyase: Review of major sources and classification, properties, structure-function analysis and applications

2015

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A lginate lyases catalyze the degradation of alginate, a complex copolymer of a-L-guluronate and its C5 epimer b-D-mannuronate. The enzymes have been isolated from various kinds of organisms with different substrate specificities, including algae, marine mollusks, marine and terrestrial bacteria, and some viruses and fungi. With the progress of structural biology, many kinds of alginate lyases of different polysaccharide lyases families have been characterized by obtaining crystal structures, and the catalytic mechanism has also been elucidated. Combined with various studies, we summarized the source, classification and properties of the alginate lyases from different polysaccharide lyases families. The relationship between substrate specificity and protein sequence was also investigated.

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Section: Functionality and Promising Application Of Alginate Lyasementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alginate lyase: Review of major sources and classification, properties, structure-function analysis and applications

2015

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“…12) Polysaccharides isolated from plants and algae have been reported to enhance macrophage activation. [13][14][15] Laminaria angustata var. longissima is a brown alga eaten widely since 300 years ago in Okinawa, Japan.…”

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confidence: 99%

Fucoidan Isolated from Laminaria angustata var. longissima Induced Macrophage Activation

Teruya¹,

Takeda²,

Tamaki³

et al. 2010

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry

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We investigated macrophage activation by fucoidan from Laminaria angustata var. longissima in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7. The ratio of the chemical composition of the fucoidan was L-fucose: D-galactose:D-glucose:D-xylose:uronic acid:sulfate = 1.00:0.54:0.08:0.08:0.64:0.87. The fucoidan induced production of nitric oxide, tumor necrosis factor-, and interleukin-6 in RAW 264.7 cells. These results indicate that the fucoidan induced macrophage activation.Key words: Laminaria angustata var. longissima; fucoidan; macrophage activationFucoidan is a sulfated polysaccharide found in the cell-wall matrix of brown algae. There have been many reports that fucoidans from various brown algae have biological activities, such as anti-tumor, 1) anticoagulant, 2) anti-human immuno-deficiency virus, 3) and induction of apoptosis. 4) We have isolated a novel acetyl fucoidan from Cladosiphon okamuranus, 5,6) and have reported macrophage activation by acetyl fucoidan. 7)Macrophages are multifunctional cells that play significant roles in host defense. They phagocyte an invaded pathogen and produce inflammatory mediators and cytokines. Nitric oxide (NO), which is known to be an inflammatory mediator, is produced by the activation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from Larginine.8) NO has been reported to play an essential role in the cytolytic function, the killing of pathogens, and the tumoricidal action.9-11) Cytokines have an important role in the regulation of the inflammatory and immune responses.12) Polysaccharides isolated from plants and algae have been reported to enhance macrophage activation. 13-15)Laminaria angustata var. longissima is a brown alga eaten widely since 300 years ago in Okinawa, Japan. We have reported structural characteristics of fucoidans from L. angustata var. longissima.16) The fucoidans were obtained at about 1.4% w/w on the basis of dry matter, and they consisted of L-fucose, D-galactose, D-xylose, D-glucuronic acid, and sulfuric acid. We here investigated macrophage activation by the fucoidan in a murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7.Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from Gibco BRL (Grand Island, NY). AntiiNOS rabbit IgG monoclonal antibody and anti--actin rabbit IgG polyclonal antibody were from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).The total carbohydrate and uronic acid of the fucoidan was analyzed by the phenol-sulfuric acid method 17) and the carbazole-sulfuric acid method 18) respectively. The sulfate content of the fucoidan was measured by the turbidimetric method. 19)The monosaccharides in the hydrolysate of the fucoidan were determined using high-performance anion exchange chromatography (DX-500, Dionex, Sunnyvale, CA), and fitted with a column of Carbopack PA1 and a pulsed amperometric detector. The column was eluted at a flow rate of 1 ml/min at 35 C with 15 mM NaOH for neutral sugar.The molecular mass of the fucoidan was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (LC-6A; Shimadzu, Kyoto, Japan) wit...

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“…[11] However, all these identified oligosaccharides were produced from an acid-hydrolysed or heat-degraded alginate, in which the activities are only at trace levels and are structure-dependent. [12] Therefore, the production of various alginate oligosaccharides using lyase is sought for the development of a more functional alginate for future industrial application. [13] An alginate-degrading bacterium, Flavobacterium sp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elicitor activity of algino-oligosaccharide and its potential application in protection of rice plant (Oryza salivaL.) againstMagnaporthe grisea

Shan

Tang

Jiang

et al. 2015

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea is considered to be one of the most devastating diseases in most rice-growing regions. In order to search for an effective agent to protect against rice infection, the elicitor activity of alginooligosaccharides was evaluated in germinating rice, in which accumulation of oryzalexin C could be detected sensitively. The maximal elicitor activity was detected in germinating rice seedlings when the fractions of alginate degradation products with a degree of polymerization of 7.9 (S3) and 6.5 (S4) were used as elicitors. Algino-oligosaccharides could induce the enzyme activities of phenylalanine ammonia lyase, peroxidase and catalase in rice plant cells for protection of the plant against the invading pathogen. With utilization of algino-oligosaccharides, the disease index caused by Magnaporthe grisea could be reduced from 17.74% to 10.81% and the protection efficacy was 39.06%. These findings suggest that algino-oligosaccharides could be applied as a biological agent to control rice blast disease.

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Structure–activity relationship of alginate oligosaccharides in the induction of cytokine production from RAW264.7 cells

Cited by 251 publications

References 44 publications

Alginate lyase: Review of major sources and classification, properties, structure-function analysis and applications

Alginate lyase: Review of major sources and classification, properties, structure-function analysis and applications

Fucoidan Isolated from Laminaria angustata var. longissima Induced Macrophage Activation

Elicitor activity of algino-oligosaccharide and its potential application in protection of rice plant (Oryza salivaL.) againstMagnaporthe grisea

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