Structural studies of the O-antigens from Salmonella greenside and Salmonella adelaide

Kenne, Lennart; Lindberg, Bengt; Söderholm, Elke; Bundle, David R.; Griffith, Douglas W.

doi:10.1016/0008-6215(83)88313-x

Cited by 61 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, a combination of serological and structural analyses of the corresponding O antigens has revealed that they have very few structures in common. Only three structures are found in both E. coli and S. enterica; one structure is found in E. coli O111 and S. enterica O35 (8), the second structure is found in E. coli O55 and S. enterica O50 (8,11), and the third structure is found in E. coli O157, S. enterica O30, and C. freundii F90 (3,13,24). Other examples include the C. freundii O35 and S. enterica O59 O antigens, which are also identical (9).…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships of the Escherichia coli O157, O111, and O55 O-Antigen Gene Clusters with Those of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii , Which Express Identical O Antigens

et al. 2004

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Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella enterica O30, and Citrobacter freundii F90 have identical O-antigen structures, as do E. coli O55 and S. enterica O50. The O-antigen gene cluster sequences for E. coli O157 and E. coli O55 have been published, and the genes necessary for O-antigen biosynthesis have been identified, although transferase genes for glycosidic linkages are only generic and have not been allocated to specific linkages. We determined sequences for S. enterica O30 and C. freundii F90 O-antigen gene clusters and compared them to the sequence of the previously described E. coli O157 cluster. We also determined the sequence of the S. enterica O50 O-antigen gene cluster and compared it to the sequence of the previously described E. coli O55 cluster. For both the S. enterica O30-C. freundii F90-E. coli O157 group and the S. enterica O50-E. coli O55 group of O antigens, the gene clusters have identical or nearly identical organizations. The two sets of gene clusters had comparable overall levels of similarity in their genes, which were lower than the levels determined for housekeeping genes for these species, which were 55 to 65% for the genes encoding glycosyltransferases and O-antigen processing proteins and 75 to 93% for the nucleotide-sugar pathway genes. Nonetheless, the similarity of the levels of divergence in the five gene clusters required us to consider the possibility that the parent gene cluster for each structure was in the common ancestor of the species and that divergence is faster than expected for the common ancestor hypothesis. We propose that the identical O-antigen gene clusters originated from a common ancestor, and we discuss some possible explanations for the increased rate of divergence that is seen in these genes.

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confidence: 99%

Relationships of the Escherichia coli O157, O111, and O55 O-Antigen Gene Clusters with Those of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii , Which Express Identical O Antigens

et al. 2004

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“…have been shown to be identical in the two species: E. coli O111 and S. enterica O35 (18), E. coli O55 and S. enterica O50 (18,22), and E. coli O157 and S. enterica O30 (31). It is noteworthy that in E. coli, all three O antigens are associated with enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and sometimes enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35 Gene Clusters: Gene Clusters Encoding the Same Colitose-Containing O Antigen Are Highly Conserved

Wang

Reeves

2000

J Bacteriol

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O antigen is part of the lipopolysaccharide present in the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica each have many forms of O antigen, but only three are common to the two species. It has been found that, in general, O-antigen genes are of low GC content. This deviation in GC content from that of typical S. enterica or E. coli genes (51%) is thought to indicate that the O-antigen DNA originated in species other than S. enterica or E. coli and was captured by lateral transfer. The O-antigen structure of Salmonella enterica O35 is identical to that of E. coli O111, commonly found in enteropathogenic E. coli strains. This O antigen, which has been shown to be a virulence factor in E. coli, contains colitose, a 3,6-dideoxyhexose found only rarely in the Enterobacteriaceae. Sequencing of the O35-antigen gene cluster of S. enterica serovar Adelaide revealed the same gene order and flanking genes as in E. coli O111. The divergence between corresponding genes of these two gene clusters at the nucleotide level ranges from 21.8 to 11.7%, within the normal range of divergence between S. enterica and E. coli. We conclude that the ancestor of E. coli and S. enterica had an O antigen identical to the O111 and O35 antigens, respectively, of these species and that the gene cluster encoding it has survived in both species.Lipopolysaccharide, an important component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, usually consists of three distinct regions: lipid A, core oligosaccharide, and O-specific polysaccharide (O antigen). O antigens consist of repeats of an O unit of generally two to six sugars. The genes for O-antigen synthesis are normally grouped together on the chromosome in a gene cluster which maps close to gnd in both Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. We, among others, have undertaken an extensive study of the genetic basis of O-antigen variation by sequencing and identifying the O-antigen genes, mostly in S. enterica and E. coli (see article by Reeves [34,35] for review). It has been found that, in general, O-antigen genes are of low GϩC content (usually less than 40%). We suggested that this deviation in GϩC content from that of typical S. enterica or E. coli genes (51%) indicates that the O-antigen DNA originated in species other than S. enterica or E. coli and was captured by lateral transfer (16). By sequencing and comparison of Oantigen gene clusters, we and others have previously found evidence that DNA recombination events between O-antigen gene clusters within S. enterica (9,47) and between E. coli and Klebsiella (41) played a role in the formation of new O-antigen forms. We also found evidence for an interspecies transfer of an entire O-antigen gene cluster (J. G. Shepherd, L. Wang, and P. R. Reeves, submitted for publication).The O antigens of S. enterica and E. coli are extremely diverse, with 54 and 190 known forms, respectively, recognized in their typing schemes (23, 32) (includes Shigella strains in E. coli on the basis of high sequence similarity [8,...

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“…enterica serovar Adelaide and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar 50:z:e,n,x also have the same lipopolysaccharide (LPS) polysaccharide structure as that found in O111 E. coli (29).…”

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confidence: 87%

Lipopolysaccharide as an Antigen Target for the Formulation of a Universal Vaccine againstEscherichia coliO111 Strains

Santos

New

Andrade

et al. 2010

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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A promising approach to developing a vaccine against O111 strains of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli that exhibit different mechanisms of virulence is to target either the core or the polysaccharide chain (O antigen) of their lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, due to structural variations found in both these LPS components, to use them as antigen targets for vaccination, it is necessary to formulate a vaccine able to induce a humoral immune response that can recognize all different variants found in E. coli O111 strains. In this study, it was demonstrated that, despite differences in composition of oligosaccharide repeat units between O111ab and O111ac LPS subtypes, antibodies against one O111 subtype can recognize and inhibit the adhesion to human epithelial cells of all categories of O111 E. coli (enteropathogenic E. coli [EPEC], enterohemorrhagic E. coli [EHEC], and enteroaggregative E. coli [EAEC]) strains regardless of the nature of their flagellar antigens, mechanisms of virulence, or O111 polysaccharide subtypes. These antibodies were also able to increase the clearance of different strains of O111 E. coli by macrophages. PCR analyses of the pathways involved in O111 LPS core biosynthesis showed that all EAEC strains have core type R2, whereas typical EPEC and EHEC have core type R3. In contrast, atypical EPEC strains have core types R2 and R3. In summary, the results presented herein indicate that the O111 polysaccharide and LPS core types R2 and R3 are antigen targets for panspecific immunotherapy against all categories of O111 E. coli.

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Structural studies of the O-antigens from Salmonella greenside and Salmonella adelaide

Cited by 61 publications

References 10 publications

Relationships of the Escherichia coli O157, O111, and O55 O-Antigen Gene Clusters with Those of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii , Which Express Identical O Antigens

Relationships of the Escherichia coli O157, O111, and O55 O-Antigen Gene Clusters with Those of Salmonella enterica and Citrobacter freundii , Which Express Identical O Antigens

The Escherichia coli O111 and Salmonella enterica O35 Gene Clusters: Gene Clusters Encoding the Same Colitose-Containing O Antigen Are Highly Conserved

Lipopolysaccharide as an Antigen Target for the Formulation of a Universal Vaccine againstEscherichia coliO111 Strains

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