“…The chemical potentials of Na, Na, andOc annot exceed those of Na bulk [m Na(bulk) ], Nb bulk [m Nb(bulk) ], and O 2 gas [m O(gas) ]b ecause, if m a ! m a(bulk/gas) ,a ne lement, a,a sasolid or gas, will spontaneously form and hinder any further increase in m a .F or dopants, we suppose that bulk Mo, Cr,a nd N 2 gas are the Mo, Cr,a nd Nr eservoirs, respectively.I na ddition, ass hown in our recent works on intermetallics, [78,79] the minimao fm Na , m Nb ,a nd m O are limited by Equations (6) Figure 3, and the minimum defect formation energies are summarized in Ta ble 2. Monodoping with an atom Mo or Cr is prone to replace one Nb atom under O-rich conditions because defects are indispensable conditions for alternative doping, which is easy in host-poor growth conditions.…”