Structural stability and electron energy state of the H2SO4-graphite deintercalation compounds

Preparation processes and properties of expanded graphite for alkaline batteries

“…After washing, both samples presented interlayer spacing of 6.16 Å , probably due to the substitution of acid by water, whose molecules are smaller than acid ones. Rather than complete deintercalation [2,10], these results suggest a molecular substitution, which was corroborated by thermal analysis and by the good sample exfoliation during the expansion process. XRD and Raman results are presented in Table 1.…”

Preparation and characteristics of electrospun activated carbon materials having meso- and macropores

“…In case of sample R, it was nonporous without any significant change of curve. Whereas samples A-D were [32,33]. So silica activated carbon materials have meso-and macropores.…”

Structure and Catalysis of Cellulose‐Derived Amorphous Carbon Bearing SO3H Groups

“…A large amount of H 2 SO 4 can be intercalated into the interlayers between carbon sheets, even in well-crystallized graphitic carbon, through the formation of cationic carbon sheet-HSO 4 -H 2 SO 4 complexes. [20] The carbon sheet edges in carbon materials obtained at high temperatures are, therefore, expected to be sulfonated. However, the accessibility of neutral reactants, which cannot be intercalated into carbon interlayers, to the SO 3 H groups in such carbon materials would be largely limited by cross-links between carbon sheets, resulting www.chemsuschem.org in a moderate acid catalysis.…”

“…[c] Average size of polycyclic aromatic carbon sheets in the CCSA sample. [20] ChemSusChem 2011, 4, 778 -784 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim www.chemsuschem.org were therefore regarded as bulk carbon material, with no micro-, meso-, or macroporous structures suitable for catalytic reactions. The average size of the carbon sheets of the samples was estimated from the intensity ratio of the D and G bands to be approximately 1.2-1.5 nm, [11] which indicated that the carbon sheet size did not depend significantly on the carbonization temperature in the range of 673-923 K. On the other hand, the H/C ratio of the CCSA samples at the boundary dropped between 723 and 823 K, which implied that, under these experimental conditions, an increase in the carbonization temperature did not result in an increase of the carbon sheet's size, but rather in cross-linking between carbon sheets.…”