Preparation processes and properties of expanded graphite for alkaline batteries

A Green Method for Graphite Exfoliation Using a Mechanochemical Route

“…It is important to mention that considerable intensity loss in main peak can reveal that the long-range periodicity associated with the staking of graphene in the c-axis in graphite is damaged [6]. Using the reflection at 26.56°is calculated the average interlayer spacing 0.338 ± 0.01 and 0.339 ± 0.01 nm for the 1 and 16 h samples respectively, this value is high compared to natural graphite flakes of 0.335 nm [18]. This can be related to a very slight separation between layers of graphenes in the graphite structure, without significant intercalation of new molecules or generation of oxygen functionality in the interlayer spacing of graphite [1], as can be seen in the right square of Fig.…”

“…The shape, width, and position of the 2D peak are very sensitive to the number of graphene layers [18]. In single layer graphenes the 2D band is approximately two times stronger than the G band and it decreases with the number of layers.…”

“…Some factors that determine the characteristics of graphene are: precursor morphology, particle size, and purity. Also, the used method and reagents determine the intercalation efficiency and stacking layers [18]. Graphene can be produced by physical and chemical exfoliation of bulk graphite using cost-efficient methods combined with other chemical treatments from inexpensive Gr [19].…”

Flexible highly conductive films based on expanded graphite /polymer nanocomposites

“…Expanded graphite currently is produced in industrial scale, by submitting flakes of natural graphite to treatment with sulfuric acid readily intercalating between the graphitic layers, followed by a thermal shock (Vieira et al, 2006). A great expansion of graphite flakes occurs in the cross-plane direction, forming vermicular structures with low mass density, excellent resistance to high temperatures, and a good affinity for organic compounds and polymers (Sengupta et al, 2011).…”

Preparation of the Sulfur-Free Expanded Graphite Using Induction Heating Method

“…This material not only retains the properties of natural graphite, such as high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, radiation resistance, thermal and electrical conductivity, lubricity, etc, but also has the properties which natural graphite don't have, such as softness, rebound resilience, autohesion, impermeability, absorbability, low density, etc. Therefore, it is widely used in petroleum, chemical, metallurgy, electric power, machinery, medical, aerospace, etc [1][2][3][4]. At present, there are many ways to prepare expanded graphite, such as chemical oxidation method, electrochemical oxidation, gas phase diffusion method, melting method and the explosion method, etc [1,2].…”