In the paper presented there is carried out an analysis of peculiarities in the operation of structural elements and subsystems of gas turbine engine (GTE). A GTE structural reliability is investigated which is defined at the stage of aircraft engine design. There are shown structural logistic formulae of aircraft engine reliability. In the work there is offered a general approach to the life increase of GTE structural elements on the basis of functionally-directed properties. Basic principles for the support of functionally-directed properties of the GTE element base are shown. The ways to ensure a specified rated or limit GTE life on the basis of functionally-directed properties of elements are shown.