Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Bailey, R. W.; Connor, H. E.

doi:10.1080/0028825x.1972.10430244

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Smith (1968a) found starch to be the predominant nonstructural polysaccharide, together with smaH quantities of fructosan, in Phragmites commllnis. Bailey & Connor (1972) state that they found smaH (1-2 %) levels of both fructosan and starch in C. macra, C. rubra, C. rigida, and C. flavescens. They used the methods of Smith (1968a) which involve extraction with 85 % ethanol (v/v) to remove the free sugars, followed by extraction in water to remove fructosans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The nitrogen, mineral content, and major structural carbohydrate fractions of several snow tussock species were reported by Connor et al (1970) and Bailey & Connor (1972). Williams et al (1976a, b) determined selected macro-elements, water-soluble sugars, and amino acids in several snow tussock 436 species from the Murchison Mountains, Fiordland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Growth and nonstructural carbohydrate reserves inChionochloa rigidaandC. macra,and their short-term response to fire

Payton

Brasch

1978

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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The relationships of growth and flowering to storage of nonstructural carbohydrate reserves and the influence of the pastoral management practice of burning on these relationships have been investigated in Cizionoclzioa rigida and C. macra on the Old Man Range, Central Otago.Growth, as measured by elongation of the youngest exposed leaf, decreased significantly with increasing altitude. It was significantly greater in C. rigida than in C. macra. Leaf dieback did not show a significant species difference, but decreased significantly with increasing altitude in C. macra. Neither new leaf nor new tiller production was significantly affected by species. The production of new tillers did, however, decrease significantly with increasing altitude in C. macra.Spring burning increased leaf elongation, relative to unburnt plants during the first two seasons after fire, C. rigida > C. macra. Leaf die back exceeded that of unburnt plants during the season after a spring burn, but was depressed next season. Sucrose is the major component of the non structural carbohydrate reserves in both species, occurring with small amounts of starch, glucose, and fructose. Reserve carbohydrates are stored in both leaf and stem tissue. Roots were consistently low in nonstructural carbohydrates. Carbohydrate reserves were lowest during the period of active growth, increasing towards the end of the growing season. Reserve carbohydrate storage (expressed as a percentage of plant dry weight) increased with altitude, with C. macra > C. rigida .. Fire, which stimulated growth, reduced carbohydrate reserves to low levels, especially dunng the season of burning. Carbohydrate reserve levels were approaching those of adjacent unburnt plants by the end of the first season after fire. 435

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Growth and nonstructural carbohydrate reserves inChionochloa rigidaandC. macra,and their short-term response to fire

Payton

Brasch

1978

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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“…Both the composition and digestibility of (1973), and using less specific methods of analysis the cell walls have been determined. by Van Soest (1973), Bailey & Hunt (1973), Bailey & Connor (1972) and others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

The cell walls ofEragrostis tef: variations in chemical composition and digestibility

Morris¹

1980

J. Agric. Sci.

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Teff (Eragrostis tef) was cut at various stages of growth and divided into leaf, stem (including leaf sheath) and inflorescence. Cell walls were isolated from the leaf and stem fractions and their composition determined. Acetyl groups and individual sugars were determined by gas-liquid chromatography.Recoveries of cell walls from the same fresh weight of leaves or stems were similar at each stage of growth, but increased with maturity.Throughout the growing season the leaf cell walls differed in composition from those of the stem. At the start of growth the leaves had a lower content of xylose and acetyl groups but were otherwise similar to the stems. However, with increasing maturity and the production of a flowering stem the stem cell wall composition changed much more than that of the leaf cell walls, with a marked decrease in the content of arabinose and an increase in the content of lignin and acetyl. Over the same period the leaf cell walls showed a smaller increase in acetyl content and decrease in arabinose and uronic acid, but were otherwise unchanged.Digestion of the cell walls with a fungal cellulase preparation showed that although the two cell wall types were equally degradable while the grass was in the vegetative state, the digestibility of the stem cell walls decreased well below that of the leaves with the onset of maturity and the production of a flowering stem. This was confirmed by in vivo incubations of the cell walls in nylon bags.

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“…A more detailed examination of the structural polysaccharides in these same species is in the accompanying paper of Bailey and Connor (1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bailey and Connor (1972) concluded that the four species of ChionochJoa showed significant differences in cellulose and hemicellulose levels and further that there was little or no variation in cellulose concentration along leaf blades. but some increase in % hemicellulose from apex to base of a leaf.…”

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confidence: 99%

Leaf strength in four species of Chionochloa (Arundineae)

Connor¹,

Bailey²

1972

New Zealand Journal of Botany

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Interspecific differences in strength of leaf blades. measured by breaking load. are present among four eastern South Island species of Chionochloa; when breaking load is corrected for difference in dry weight of uniform lengths of blade three groups are recognised. C. rubra = C. rigida > C. {lavescens > C. macra Strength is correlated with both cellulose and lignin concentration though variable in expression; strength is also related to leaf anatomy in that species with a continuous band of abaxial sclerenchyma are stronger than those with an interrupted band. Neither leaf anatomy nor concentration of structural polysaccharides and lignin adequately accounts for the variable data. Leaf sheaths are only half as strong as blades and there is no correlation with cellulose or lignin levels. Leaf strength is an adequate taxonomic character.

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Structural polysaccharides in leaf blades and sheaths in the Arundinoid grass Chionochloa

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Growth and nonstructural carbohydrate reserves inChionochloa rigidaandC. macra,and their short-term response to fire

Growth and nonstructural carbohydrate reserves inChionochloa rigidaandC. macra,and their short-term response to fire

The cell walls ofEragrostis tef: variations in chemical composition and digestibility

Leaf strength in four species of Chionochloa (Arundineae)

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