Structural, microstructural and thermal properties of lead-free bismuth–sodium–barium–titanate piezoceramics synthesized by mechanical alloying

Effect of mechanical alloying synthesis process on the dielectric properties of (Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 ) 0.94 Ba 0.06 TiO 3 piezoceramics

“…After a relatively short milling time (30 h), due to the crystallite size decreasing, lattice strain increasing, and amorphous phase formation, the peaks broadening was increased and their intensities were decreased gradually [19]. As it can be seen, the peaks broadening of the initial phases was raised by different rates depending on the initial amount and the structural banding strength of each phase [19,26]. By development of milling process (60 h), the broadening of peaks was further augmented and the high angle peaks (at 2u !…”

“…Accordingly, MA method can be effectively used to synthesize the BNBT ceramic powders. In our previous works [19][20][21][22][23][24][25], the BNBT6 nano-powders were successfully produced by MA and in this study the dielectric properties of these ceramics were evaluated and compared to the properties of conventional samples. In order to achieve the purposes, the relationships of the microstructure properties, dielectric characteristics, and Curie temperature were studied.…”

Optimizing and modeling of effective parameters on the structural and magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation technique using response surface methodology

“…The biomedical applications require the design and synthesis of nanoparticles with the perfectly controlled features such as magnetization of particles that is a size dependant property, so, it can utilize its size-independent version that is called saturation magnetization (M s ) [5][6][7][8]. For instance, in the MTDD application, by increase the amounts of M s of utilized particles the targeting process can be done more accurate [9][10][11][12]. Moreover, when the M s amounts of nanoparticles have higher level, in order to carry out the suitable targeting process, the required time and applied field are usually increased [10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…For instance, in the MTDD application, by increase the amounts of M s of utilized particles the targeting process can be done more accurate [9][10][11][12]. Moreover, when the M s amounts of nanoparticles have higher level, in order to carry out the suitable targeting process, the required time and applied field are usually increased [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Generally, the amount of M s depends on the materials characteristics including their chemical compositions and crystal structures so that by changing each of them, the amount of M s is considerably varied [17][18][19][20][21][22].Furthermore, the structural properties of materials not only effect on the magnetic properties, but also they can effect on the other features such as thermal properties, mechanical behaviors, chemical stabilization, and surface properties [22,23].…”

Acoustic and electrical properties of 1–3 connectivity bismuth sodium titanate–Portland cement composites

“…These piezoelectric ceramics exhibit good piezoelectric properties, high anisotropic electromechanical coupling property, lower dielectric constant and strong ferroelelctric properties of a large remnant polarization and high Curie temperature ($250-320 C [24][25][26][27][28][29]), which permits high temperatures of operation or high temperatures of processing during the fabrication of devices [24][25][26][27][28][29]. Therefore, lead-free piezoelectric ceramic-Portland cement composites consisting of bismuth sodium titanate ceramic as lead-free piezoelectric ceramic materials may be developed which offers many advantages including environmental friendly, low acoustic impedance (compatibility with concrete), low dielectric constant and good piezoelectric properties for use as smart materials in civil engineering.…”