Structural, magnetic, and dielectric studies on rare earth substituted bismuth titanate Bi₂R₂Ti₃O₁₂(R = Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd)

Composition dependence of the multifunctional properties of Nd-doped Bi4Ti3O12 ceramics

“…In such cases, the magnetic moments of the A-site and B-site transition metal subsystem will provide more remarkable contribution to the resultant magnetic properties [64,65]. There has been a number of studies of the doping of rare earth and transition metal elements at the A and B-sites in Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 [29,35,37,45,62,[67][68][69][70]. Although a majority of these studies focuses on the effects that such doping has on the microstructural and ferroelectric properties of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 [35,[66][67][68][69][70], it is important to investigate the magnetic properties also, especially when the ultimate goal is multiferroism.…”

“…Although a majority of these studies focuses on the effects that such doping has on the microstructural and ferroelectric properties of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 [35,[66][67][68][69][70], it is important to investigate the magnetic properties also, especially when the ultimate goal is multiferroism. However, till date there has been no report of long range magnetic order in rare earth doped Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 [29,35]. Rather, composite phases, such as nLaFeO 3 [65] have been reported to exhibit long range magnetic order and magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature.…”

“…As mentioned, Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 has well-established high temperature ferroelectric properties [22,23], that can be enhanced by the substitution of Bi by Nd causing enlarged remnant polarization [24][25][26] accompanied by other changes of structural and physical properties [27][28][29][30][31]. Recently, there have been several investigations on the effects of doping Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 by various magnetic species [32][33][34][35][36][37][38].…”

The role of Tb-doping on the structural and functional properties of Bi4−xTbxTi3O12 ferroelectric phases with the Aurivillius type structure

“…Recently, a lot of work has focused on layered perovskites in general [15], and bismuth layer-structured ferroelectrics in particular [16]. Several investigations have also focused on doping magnetic ions in Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 [17][18][19][20][21][22][23]. However, the reported magnetic properties in these materials are quite weak even at low temperatures.…”