“…15 These byproducts might also be catalytically active in the reduction of 4-NP. In particular, the purity and size of the cobalt ferrite particles obtained using a solution combustion process depend on several factors such as: (i) oxidizing and reducing agent ratio, 16 (ii) annealing temperature, and (iii) annealing time. Apart from α-Fe 2 O 3 , CoO, and Co 3 O 4 , the generated byproducts can also contain the clusters or particles of cobalt, iron oxohydroxydes (e.g., FeOOH), amorphous materials, etc., 10,12 the catalytic behaviors of which are unknown.…”