Structural heterogeneity and protein composition of exosome‐like vesicles (prostasomes) in human semen

Poliakov, Anton; Spilman, Michael; Dokland, Terje; Amling, Christopher L.; Mobley, James A.

doi:10.1002/pros.20860

Cited by 275 publications

(257 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Prostasomes contain many different proteins (15,16). Proteins present on the surface of prostasomes include aminopeptidase N (CD13) (17,18) and tissue factor (CD142), a cell membraneassociated glycoprotein that serves as a receptor and essential cofactor for factors VII and VIIa of the coagulation cascade (19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple recognition assay reveals prostasomes as promising plasma biomarkers for prostate cancer

Tavoosidana

Ronquist

Darmanis

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

173

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Prostasomes are microvesicles (mean diameter, 150 nm) that are produced and secreted by normal and malignant prostate acinar cells. It has been hypothesized that invasive growth of malignant prostate cells may cause these microvesicles, normally released into seminal fluid, to appear in interstitial space and therewith into peripheral circulation. The suitability of prostasomes as blood biomarkers in patients with prostate cancer was tested by using an expanded variant of the proximity ligation assay (PLA). We developed an extremely sensitive and specific assay (4PLA) for detection of complex target structures such as microvesicles in which the target is first captured via an immobilized antibody and subsequently detected by using four other antibodies with attached DNA strands. The requirement for coincident binding by five antibodies to generate an amplifiable reporter results in both increased specificity and sensitivity. The assay successfully detected significantly elevated levels of prostasomes in blood samples from patients with prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy, compared with controls and men with benign biopsy results. The medians for prostasome levels in blood plasma of patients with prostate cancer were 2.5 to sevenfold higher compared with control samples in two independent studies, and the assay also distinguished patients with high and medium prostatectomy Gleason scores (8/9 and 7, respectively) from those with low score (≤6), thus reflecting disease aggressiveness. This approach that enables detection of prostasomes in peripheral blood may be useful for early diagnosis and assessment of prognosis in organ-confined prostate cancer.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiple recognition assay reveals prostasomes as promising plasma biomarkers for prostate cancer

Tavoosidana

Ronquist

Darmanis

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

199

173

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“…Prostasomes molecular composition could reflect their capacity to influence PCa growth and metastasis. Proteomic profile of prostasome isolated from SF identify prostatespecific membrane proteins (like TMPRSS2), prostatespecific transglutaminase, and prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA), confirmed the prostatic origin of these vesicles (16,37,38). The first efforts to identify the prostasomes in a PCa patient's blood was the detection of anti-prostasome antibodies (39)(40)(41).…”

Section: Role Of Prostasomes In Pcamentioning

confidence: 83%

Exosomes in semen: opportunities as a new tool in prostate cancer diagnosis

Pucci¹,

Taverna²,

Reclusa

et al. 2017

Transl. Cancer Res

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“…On the other hand, exosomes originate from the inward budding of early and late endosomes hence forming MVBs containing ILVs [21,22]. Subsequently, the MVBs are transported to and fuse with the plasma membrane, requiring a dynamic interplay between members of the Rab and SNARE protein family, concurrently releasing the ILVs in the extracellular space [23][24][25][26][27]. Partly because both biogenesis pathway are analogous, to date there is no defined panel of markers to distinguish between both vesicle subtypes in a vesicular isolate.…”

Section: Biogenesis Cargo Loading and Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…EVs have been isolated from e.g. urine [11], plasma [26], semen [25], nasal secretion [24], breast milk [221], the aqueous humor of eyes [222], cerebrospinal fluid [223], peritoneal fluid [224], bronchoalveolar lavage [225]. Depending on the respective disease for which the biomarker is being developed, an accessible biofluid should be considered in which the EVs of interest are likely the most concentrated and a liquid biopsy can be easily obtained.…”

Section: 2evs As Biomarkermentioning

confidence: 99%

Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles

Stremersch

Smedt

Raemdonck

2016

Journal of Controlled Release

153

103

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During the past two decades, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as important mediators of intercellular communication, enabling the functional transfer of bioactive molecules from one cell to another. Consequently, it is becoming increasingly clear that these vesicles are involved in many (patho)physiological processes, providing opportunities for therapeutic applications. Moreover, it is known that the molecular composition of EVs reflects the physiological status of the producing cell and tissue, rationalizing their exploitation as biomarkers in various diseases. In this review the composition, biogenesis and diversity of EVs is discussed in a therapeutic and diagnostic context. We describe emerging therapeutic applications, including the use of EVs as drug delivery vehicles and as cell-free vaccines, and reflect on future challenges for clinical translation. Finally, we discuss the use of EVs as a biomarker source and highlight recent studies and clinical successes.

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Structural heterogeneity and protein composition of exosome‐like vesicles (prostasomes) in human semen

Abstract: From the data reported herein, we hypothesize that the structural heterogeneity of the exosome-like particles in human semen reflects their functional diversity. Our detailed proteomic analysis provided a list of candidate proteins for future structural and functional studies.

Cited by 275 publications

References 47 publications

Multiple recognition assay reveals prostasomes as promising plasma biomarkers for prostate cancer

Multiple recognition assay reveals prostasomes as promising plasma biomarkers for prostate cancer

Exosomes in semen: opportunities as a new tool in prostate cancer diagnosis

Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles

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