Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles

Stremersch, Stephan; Smedt, Stefaan C. De; Raemdonck, Koen

doi:10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.07.054

Cited by 152 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 257 publications

(305 reference statements)

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“…Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can home and engraft to injured tissues. 13 Thus, we investigated whether MSC-derived EVs feature a similar homing function. We assessed the biodistribution of EVs in rats through fluorescent imaging by using the IVIS Lumina II system.…”

Section: Human Umbilical Cord Msc-derived Extracellular Vesicles Agmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in rats

Dong

Zhou

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Peripheral nerve injury results in limited nerve regeneration and severe functional impairment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a remarkable tool for peripheral nerve regeneration. The involvement of human umbilical cord MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles (hUCMSC‐EVs) in peripheral nerve regeneration, however, remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated functional recovery and nerve regeneration in rats that received hUCMSC‐EV treatment after nerve transection. We observed that hUCMSC‐EV treatment promoted the recovery of motor function and the regeneration of axons; increased the sciatic functional index; resulted in the generation of numerous axons and of several Schwann cells that surrounded individual axons; and attenuated the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscle. hUCMSC‐EVs aggregated to rat nerve defects, down‐regulated interleukin (IL)‐6 and IL‐1β, up‐regulated IL‐10 and modulated inflammation in the injured nerve. These effects likely contributed to the promotion of nerve regeneration. Our findings indicate that hUCMSC‐EVs can improve functional recovery and nerve regeneration by providing a favourable microenvironment for nerve regeneration. Thus, hUCMSC‐EVs have considerable potential for application in the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.

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Section: Human Umbilical Cord Msc-derived Extracellular Vesicles Agmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in rats

Dong

Zhou

et al. 2019

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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“…They are also important signaling mediators across species [14,23]. In addition to basic research, medical and healthcare industrial applications of exosomes for the development of therapeutics, drug delivery vehicles, and liquid biopsies are rapidly progressing [24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Analysis of Biodistribution of Exosomes by Molecular Imaging

Yi¹,

Lee²,

Kim

et al. 2020

IJMS

135

123

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Exosomes are nano-sized membranous vesicles produced by nearly all types of cells. Since exosome-like vesicles are produced in an evolutionarily conserved manner for information and function transfer from the originating cells to recipient cells, an increasing number of studies have focused on their application as therapeutic agents, drug delivery vehicles, and diagnostic targets. Analysis of the in vivo distribution of exosomes is a prerequisite for the development of exosome-based therapeutics and drug delivery vehicles with accurate prediction of therapeutic dose and potential side effects. Various attempts to evaluate the biodistribution of exosomes obtained from different sources have been reported. In this review, we examined the current trends and the advantages and disadvantages of the methods used to determine the biodistribution of exosomes by molecular imaging. We also reviewed 29 publications to compare the methods employed to isolate, analyze, and label exosomes as well as to determine the biodistribution of labeled exosomes.

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“…Biocompatibility, low immunogenicity and high stability in circulation are attractive properties of EVs, and among the potential therapeutic applications of EVs, drug delivery received more and more attention. 101 By using EVs charged with fusogenic liposomes (MVs), Lee et al 69 showed a special way for the payload to disseminate into the spheroid due to the capacity of liposomes to fuse with the cell membrane. 66 It seems that successive rounds of MV uptake, liposome delivery and de novo MV production by the cells contributed to deeper distribution of the liposomes into spheroids.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Drug delivery to solid tumors: the predictive value of the multicellular tumor spheroid model for nanomedicine screening

Millard¹,

Yakavets²,

Zorin³

et al. 2017

IJN

104

102

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The increasing number of publications on the subject shows that nanomedicine is an attractive field for investigations aiming to considerably improve anticancer chemotherapy. Based on selective tumor targeting while sparing healthy tissue, carrier-mediated drug delivery has been expected to provide significant benefits to patients. However, despite reduced systemic toxicity, most nanodrugs approved for clinical use have been less effective than previously anticipated. The gap between experimental results and clinical outcomes demonstrates the necessity to perform comprehensive drug screening by using powerful preclinical models. In this context, in vitro three-dimensional models can provide key information on drug behavior inside the tumor tissue. The multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model closely mimics a small avascular tumor with the presence of proliferative cells surrounding quiescent cells and a necrotic core. Oxygen, pH and nutrient gradients are similar to those of solid tumor. Furthermore, extracellular matrix (ECM) components and stromal cells can be embedded in the most sophisticated spheroid design. All these elements together with the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) play a key role in drug transport, and therefore, the MCTS model is appropriate to assess the ability of NP to penetrate the tumor tissue. This review presents recent developments in MCTS models for a better comprehension of the interactions between NPs and tumor components that affect tumor drug delivery. MCTS is particularly suitable for the high-throughput screening of new nanodrugs.

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Therapeutic and diagnostic applications of extracellular vesicles

Cited by 152 publications

References 257 publications

Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in rats

Extracellular vesicles from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells improve nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve transection in rats

Advances in Analysis of Biodistribution of Exosomes by Molecular Imaging

Drug delivery to solid tumors: the predictive value of the multicellular tumor spheroid model for nanomedicine screening

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