“…. Average values are calculated as shown: x = -0.99, y = -1.05, according to (11) and (12) This section defines the procedures for deriving fragility parameters (θ, β) when data are available from a suitable series of specimens, however, the damage state of interest was not initiated in any of the specimens. For each available specimen, "i," the maximum demand at which the specimen was loaded, "d i ", and whether or not the specimen experienced any distress or damage must be known.…”