“…The x = 0.33 (0.67BiFeO 3 –0.33BaTiO 3 , BF67BT33) composition lies at the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) and exhibits a high Curie temperature ( T c ), high remnant polarization ( P r ), and good thermal stability. − However, the high leakage current in BFBT ceramics, due to the existence of oxygen vacancies generated by Fe 3+ → Fe 2+ reduction at high temperatures, impedes their piezoelectric applications . The insulating properties of BFBT can be improved by doping with a variety of elements, e.g., Cu, Mn, Nb, Zn, Cr, Co, Ga, La, Nd, Sm, and Gd. − Among these, Mn-modified BF67BT33 has shown significantly improved d 33 and resistance compared with unmodified ceramics. ,, …”