“…L. Shen, Lu, Q. Shen, and Li (2003), Shen, Lu, and Yam (2006) focused on identifying the key competitiveness indicators and assessing a contractor's competitiveness. In addition, some researchers studied the relationship between contractors' competitive advantage and some certain variable, with examples such as innovation (Lu, Liu, Rowlinson, & Poon, 2013;Lim, Schultmann, & Ofori, 2010), quality management (Jaafari, 2000), political risk management (Deng, Low, Li, & Zhao, 2014;Chang, Hwang, Deng, & Zhao, 2018a;Chang, Deng, Zuo, & Yuan, 2018b), positive psychological capital (Toor & Ofori, 2010), project safety (Rechenthin, 2004), decision-making style (Oyewobi, Windapo, & Rotimi, 2016), equipment selection (Samee & Pongpeng, 2016), and guanxi (Lin, Q. Chen, Liao, P. H. Chen, & Cheng, 2018). However, the research about the competitive advantage of contractors on international HSR projects is very scarce.…”