Abstract:Background:Benincasa hispida (BH) and Carissa congesta (CC) are regarded as ethnopharmacological imperative plants in Asian countries.Objective:Phytochemical screening of the extracts has shown the presence of steroids, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, phenolic compounds, fixed oils, and fats in the BH and CC extracts. The presence of lupeol has been reported previously by us using high-performance thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography.Materials and Methods:Present rese… Show more
“…Five saturated ( 106 – 108 ) and unsaturated ( 109 – 110 ) fatty acids were isolated from the seed oils of C. carandas [40]. In addition, four esters, 3′-(4″-methoxyphenyl)-3′-oxo-propionyl hexadecanoate ( 111 ) from C. spinarum [21], hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxyl-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ether ( 112 ) and butyl-9,12-octadecadienoate ( 113 ) from C. congesta [17], and 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester ( 114 ) from C. opaca [6], were also obtained.Fig. 9Fatty acids and esters 106–114 from Carissa
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Carissa L. is a genus of the family Apocynaceae, with about 36 species as evergreen shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Oceania. Most of Carissa plants have been employed and utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments, such as headache, chest complains, rheumatism, oedema, gonorrhoea, syphilis, rabies. So far, only nine Carissa species have been phytochemically studied, which led to the identification of 123 compounds including terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, simple phenolic compounds, fatty acids and esters, and so on. Pharmacological studies on Carissa species have also indicated various bioactive potentials. This review covers the peer-reviewed articles between 1954 and 2016, retrieved from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wikipedia and Baidu, using “Carissa” as search term (“all fields”) and with no specific time frame set for search. Fifteen important medicinal or ornamental Carissa species were selected and summarized on their botanical characteristics, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities.
“…Five saturated ( 106 – 108 ) and unsaturated ( 109 – 110 ) fatty acids were isolated from the seed oils of C. carandas [40]. In addition, four esters, 3′-(4″-methoxyphenyl)-3′-oxo-propionyl hexadecanoate ( 111 ) from C. spinarum [21], hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxyl-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ether ( 112 ) and butyl-9,12-octadecadienoate ( 113 ) from C. congesta [17], and 2-benzenedicarboxylic acid mono (2-ethylhexyl) ester ( 114 ) from C. opaca [6], were also obtained.Fig. 9Fatty acids and esters 106–114 from Carissa
…”
Carissa L. is a genus of the family Apocynaceae, with about 36 species as evergreen shrubs or small trees native to tropical and subtropical regions of Africa, Asia and Oceania. Most of Carissa plants have been employed and utilized in traditional medicine for various ailments, such as headache, chest complains, rheumatism, oedema, gonorrhoea, syphilis, rabies. So far, only nine Carissa species have been phytochemically studied, which led to the identification of 123 compounds including terpenes, flavonoids, lignans, sterols, simple phenolic compounds, fatty acids and esters, and so on. Pharmacological studies on Carissa species have also indicated various bioactive potentials. This review covers the peer-reviewed articles between 1954 and 2016, retrieved from Pubmed, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, Wikipedia and Baidu, using “Carissa” as search term (“all fields”) and with no specific time frame set for search. Fifteen important medicinal or ornamental Carissa species were selected and summarized on their botanical characteristics, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities.
“…The triterpenes or steroids are thought to be existing in the form of glycosides. Sterols and triterpenes are compounds of cyclopentane perhydrophenanthrene ring system [1,4].…”
Objective: Phytochemical screening has revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins from methanolic extract of Cestrum nocturnum. In this research, we have identified and confirmed the structures of the constituents by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) from the methanolic extract of C. nocturnum leaves.Methods: Shade-dried leaves were powdered and extracted with methanol by cold extraction procedures and the crude extract obtained was used for GC-MS.Results: There were total five components prominently eluted from C. nocturnum extract, viz., ethyl citrate, phytol, 4-isobutylmorpholine, n-hexadecanoic acid, and α-amyrin.
Conclusion:GC-MS studies helped to recognize the phytochemical constituents based on their retention time and verification of MS libraries. In future, C. nocturnum leaves may be subjected to different extraction procedures and number of elucidating phytoconstituents can be studied for their ethnopharmacological relevance citing the literature.
“…[4] SA nuts are reported to possess phenolic compounds, biflavonoids, etc. [5] Phenolic compounds, such as bhilavanol A (monoenepentadecyl catechol I) and bhilavanol B (dienepentadecyl catechol II), have been isolated from oil of SA.…”
Background: Semecarpus anacardium (SA) has been classified in Ayurveda as a toxic plant. Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia has described the method of purification (known as Shodhana) to remove the toxic substances from this plant. Objective: SA nuts before and after Shodhana were treated with chromatographic methods to check the presence of phytoconstituents in it. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extracts of pre-shodhit methanolic (PSM) and shodhit methanolic (SM) SA nuts were studied for high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Nuts were measured for total phenolic and flavonoid content using gallic and quercetin as standard. Results: HPTLC studies have shown that PSM drug and SM drug R f values were decreasing. GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of urushiol in PSM and anacardol in SM extracts. Conclusion: These research work states that Shodhana improves the yield, decreases the phenolic and flavonoid content and further converts toxic urushiol into nontoxic anacardol thereby reducing toxicity.
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