Background Few COVID-19 vaccines were anticipated in India in early 2021. However, little was known about COVID-19 vaccination acceptance among the public. . We conducted a nationwide study to understand the public’s perception about COVID-19 vaccines in December 2020. Method An online survey was deployed using a multi-item validated questionnaire via social media websites and networking platforms for adults in India. . We asked participants about vaccination willingness, concerns about vaccination, and their sociodemographic characteristics. Results Nationwide, 1638 participants from 27 states/union territories took the survey where the majority of the participant were males (55%), 18–30 years old (52%), urban dwellers (69%), college-educated (81%), without a history of COVID-19 infection (92%). More than a fifth were either unaware of the vaccines (20.63%) or were not sure if they will get the vaccine (27%), and 10% refused to obtain the vaccine. Almost 70% of the population had concerns regarding the vaccines. . Statistically significant differences (p<0.01) in awareness about vaccine and acceptability were observed based on age, educational qualifications, and employment status. Conclusion While the majority of Indians would accept the vaccine, given the large population of India, even a small proportion would translate to millions of unvaccinated individuals Strategic measures and policy decisions to enhance the rate of COVID-19 vaccination should be continuously planned and implemented in India.

Film coating is a thin polymer layer applied on to a solid dosage form. Quality by design approach was explored to optimize the tablet coating process using Opadry ® , an optimized one step film coating system. A central composite design was chosen by considering independent variables as inlet temperature, atomization air pressure, spray rate and dependent variables as weight gain and tablet surface roughness. Non-linear regression models were developed for response variables. The model was used to achieve an optimized response characteristic of weight gain, surface roughness with predicted input variables of inlet air temperature, atomization air pressure and spray rate. With optimized process parameters tablet has been coated and the suitability of the model determined. The results demonstrated the overall reliability and effectiveness of the proposed quality by design approach to the derived model and provides useful tool to help optimize the film coating process.

Moringa oleifera is a valued medicinal plant in traditional folk medicine. Many pharmacological studies have shown the ability of this plant to exhibit analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticancer, antioxidant, nootropic, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, anti-ulcer, cardiovascular, anti-obesity, antiepileptic, antiasthmatic, antidiabetic, anti-urolithiatic, diuretic, local anesthetic, anti-allergic, anthelmintic, wound healing, antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, and antidiarrheal properties. This review is a comprehensive summary of the phytochemical and pharmacological activities as well as the traditional and therapeutic uses of this plant. M. oleifera has wide traditional and pharmacological uses in various pathophysiological conditions. We will review the various properties of M. oleifera (drumstick tree) and focus on its various medicinal properties. We think that it is an attractive subject for further experimental and clinical investigations.

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The use of indigenous drug industry in India has been widely expanded in recent years. Tinospora cordifolia (Guduchi) belonging to family Menispermaceae has a wide array of bioactive principles in exploring nutraceuticals from plant materials. It is a versatile resource for all forms of life and can be an alternative for synthetic drugs considering their adverse effects and also for economic purposes. T. cordifolia is considered as an important herbal drug of Indian System of Medicines (ISM). The herb is known for its therapeutic efficacy and used in treatment of dyspepsia, diabetes, fever, urinary problems, jaundice, chronic diarrhoea, cardiac disease, dysentry, helmenthiasis, skin diseases, leprosy and many more diseases. Present review highlights the classical anti-toxin, anti diabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, hepato-protective activity of Guduchi and their validation through existing literature. The plant is reported to contain alkaloids, glycosides, steroids and terpenoids. The current study is undertaken to explore and establish the phytochemistry and pharmacological activity of T. cordifolia.

Objective:To evaluate the hepatoprotective potential of ethyl acetate fraction of Rhododendron arboreum (Family: Ericaceae) in Wistar rats against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver damage in preventive and curative models.Materials and Methods:Fraction at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg was administered orally once daily for 14 days in CCl4-treated groups (II, III, IV, V and VI). The serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), alkaline phosphatase (SALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (γ -GT), and bilirubin were estimated along with activities of glutathione S-transferase (GST), glutathione reductase, hepatic malondialdehyde formation, and glutathione content.Result and Discussion:The substantially elevated serum enzymatic activities of SGOT, SGPT, SALP, γ-GT, and bilirubin due to CCl4 treatment were restored toward normal in a dose-dependent manner. Meanwhile, the decreased activities of GST and glutathione reductase were also restored toward normal. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction also significantly prevented the elevation of hepatic malondialdehyde formation and depletion of reduced glutathione content in the liver of CCl4-intoxicated rats in a dose-dependent manner. Silymarin used as standard reference also exhibited significant hepatoprotective activity on post-treatment against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. The biochemical observations were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. The results of this study strongly indicate that ethyl acetate fraction has a potent hepatoprotective action against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats.

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QbD approach empowers the pharma researchers to minimize the number of experimental trials and time. It helps identify the significant, influential factors such as critical material attributes, critical formulation variables, and critical process parameters, which may significantly impact the quality of the products. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA), a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer, has gained an immense potential and wide range of applications as a carrier for manufacturing of polymeric nanoparticle drug delivery systems as per US-FDA and European Medicine Agency for drug delivery. The double emulsion method for preparing PLGA nanoparticles to encapsulate hydrophilic drugs has attracted interest in manufacturing processes. The double emulsion is a two-step process consisting of two different emulsification, making the process more complicated. The stability of nanoparticles obtained by a double emulsion method remains questionable due to the many formulations and process attributes. Currently, PLGA based nanoparticles prepared by a double emulsion technique are an alternative pharmaceutical manufacturing operation for getting the quality product by employing the Quality by Design approach. This present review has discussed the QbD elements to elucidate the effect of material attributes, formulation, and process variables on the critical quality attributes of the drug product, such as particle size distribution, encapsulation efficiency, etc. The components of a double emulsion, characteristics of drugs, polymers, and stabilizers used have been discussed in detail in this review. Graphic abstract