Structural Diversity of Bacterial Volatiles

Schulz, Stefan; Schlawis, Christian; Koteska, Diana; Harig, Tim; Biwer, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-981-15-7293-7_3

Cited by 7 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 104 publications

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“…These key compounds all originate from primary metabolic pathways ( Weisskopf et al, 2021 ). 3-methylbutyric acid is derived from the metabolism of amino acids (leucine) while acetic acid, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and acetoin arise from different stages of the fermentation process in glucose metabolism ( Schulz et al, 2020 ; Weisskopf et al, 2021 ). The different primary metabolic pathways from which these compounds are derived are reflected in Figure 3 , as in the glucose-free LB medium, acetic acid, ethyl 2-methylbutyrate and acetoin abundances are significantly lower than abundances observed in TSB and BHI while 3-methylbutyric acid emission was comparable across the media due to presence of amino acid substrates in all media.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth parameters such as growth media ( Jenkins and Bean, 2019 , 2020 ), growth phase ( Filipiak et al, 2012b ; Chen et al, 2016 ), oxygen content ( Insam and Seewald, 2010 ), temperature ( Misztal et al, 2018 ) and pH ( Schulz-Bohm et al, 2017 ), all influence microbial volatilomes. Another less studied factor in the overall variation seen across the volatilomes of microbial species is the occurrence of strain-level specificity in volatilomic emission within a given species ( Schulz et al, 2020 ; Weisskopf et al, 2021 ). In addition to this, the variation in sampling [SPME ( Timm et al, 2018 ; Fitzgerald et al, 2020 ), thermal desorption tubes ( Filipiak et al, 2012a , b ), direct syringe ( Ashrafi et al, 2018a , b )] and analytical techniques [gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) ( Filipiak et al, 2012b ; Timm et al, 2018 ; Fitzgerald et al, 2020 ), selected ion-flow-tube (SIFT) MS ( Shestivska et al, 2015 ), proton transfer reaction (PTR) MS ( Bunge et al, 2008 )] employed across the field also have a direct influence on the VOC profiles reported in the literature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Investigation of Stability and Species and Strain-Level Specificity in Bacterial Volatilomes

2021

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Microbial volatilomics is a rapidly growing field of study and has shown great potential for applications in food, farming, and clinical sectors in the future. Due to the varying experimental methods and growth conditions employed in microbial volatilomic studies as well as strain-dependent volatilomic differences, there is limited knowledge regarding the stability of microbial volatilomes. Consequently, cross-study comparisons and validation of results and data can be challenging. In this study, we investigated the stability of the volatilomes of multiple strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli across three frequently used nutrient-rich growth media. Volatilomic stability was assessed based on media-, time- and strain-dependent variation across the examined bacterial volatilomes. Strain-level specificity of the observed volatilomes of E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains was further investigated by comparing the emission of selected compounds at varying stages of cell growth. Headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) sampling coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatilome of each strain. The whole volatilomes of the examined strains demonstrate a high degree of stability across the three examined growth media. At the compound-level, media dependent differences were observed particularly when comparing the volatilomes obtained in glucose-containing brain heart infusion (BHI) and tryptone soy broth (TSB) growth media with the volatilomes obtained in glucose-free Lysogeny broth (LB) media. These glucose-dependent volatilomic differences were primarily seen in the emission of primary metabolites such as alcohols, ketones, and acids. Strain-level differences in the emission of specific compounds in E. coli and P. aeruginosa samples were also observed across the media. These strain-level volatilomic differences were also observed across varying phases of growth of each strain, therefore confirming that these strains had varying core and accessory volatilomes. Our results demonstrate that, at the species-level, the examined bacteria have a core volatilome that exhibits a high-degree of stability across frequently-used growth media. Media-dependent differences in microbial volatilomes offer valuable insights into identifying the cellular origin of individual metabolites. The observed differences in the core and accessory volatilomes of the examined strains illustrate the complexity of microbial volatilomics as a study while also highlighting the need for more strain-level investigations to ultimately elucidate the whole volatilomic capabilities of microbial species in the future.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Investigation of Stability and Species and Strain-Level Specificity in Bacterial Volatilomes

2021

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“…The collection and measurement of microbially-derived volatile organic compounds (mVCs) shows promise as a non-destructive, surrogate measurement of in situ microbial metabolism ( Netzker et al, 2020 ). These mVCs are produced by a broad range of biosynthetic pathways (primary metabolism, fermentation, fatty acid biosynthesis) which gives rise to high structural diversity ( Schulz et al, 2020 ; Weisskopf et al, 2021 ). Identification of different mVCs can be made through comparison to existing databases of microbial primary and secondary metabolisms (e.g., KEGG).…”

Section: Development and Implementation Of Novel Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing Natural Organic Matter Transformations by Microbial Communities in Terrestrial Subsurface Ecosystems: A Critical Review of Analytical Techniques and Challenges

Gushgari-Doyle

Chacon

et al. 2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Determining the mechanisms, traits, and pathways that regulate microbial transformation of natural organic matter (NOM) is critical to informing our understanding of the microbial impacts on the global carbon cycle. The capillary fringe of subsurface soils is a highly dynamic environment that remains poorly understood. Characterization of organo-mineral chemistry combined with a nuanced understanding of microbial community composition and function is necessary to understand microbial impacts on NOM speciation in the capillary fringe. We present a critical review of the popular analytical and omics techniques used for characterizing complex carbon transformation by microbial communities and focus on how complementary information obtained from the different techniques enable us to connect chemical signatures with microbial genes and pathways. This holistic approach offers a way forward for the comprehensive characterization of the formation, transformation, and mineralization of terrestrial NOM as influenced by microbial communities.

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“…For this reason, in order to obtain comprehensive data for a specific microbe or microbial group, it is necessary to track species- and strain-level volatilomic diversity across the genus. Many metabolites are commonly emitted across microbial species [ 8 ]; however, the whole array of compounds that are emitted, and the abundances by which they are emitted are species-specific and are collectively referred to as its volatilome. The composition of volatilomes depends on multiple factors, such as nutritional substrates [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], strain-to-strain metabolic variation [ 11 , 12 ], growth phase of cells [ 13 ], and pH [ 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many metabolites are commonly emitted across microbial species [ 8 ]; however, the whole array of compounds that are emitted, and the abundances by which they are emitted are species-specific and are collectively referred to as its volatilome. The composition of volatilomes depends on multiple factors, such as nutritional substrates [ 8 , 9 , 10 ], strain-to-strain metabolic variation [ 11 , 12 ], growth phase of cells [ 13 ], and pH [ 14 ]. As a result, broad characterisation of microbial volatilomes is one of the major challenges of the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Strain and -Species Investigation of Volatile Metabolites Emitted from Planktonic and Biofilm Candida Cultures

et al. 2022

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Candida parapsiliosis is a prevalent neonatal pathogen that attains its virulence through its strain-specific ability to form biofilms. The use of volatilomics, the profiling of volatile metabolites from microbes is a non-invasive, simple way to identify and classify microbes; it has shown great potential for pathogen identification. Although C. parapsiliosis is one of the most common clinical fungal pathogens, its volatilome has never been characterised. In this study, planktonic volatilomes of ten clinical strains of C. parapsilosis were analysed, along with a single strain of Candida albicans. Headspace-solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were employed to analyse the samples. Species-, strain-, and media- influences on the fungal volatilomes were investigated. Twenty-four unique metabolites from the examined Candida spp. (22 from C. albicans; 18 from C. parapsilosis) were included in this study. Chemical classes detected across the samples included alcohols, fatty acid esters, acetates, thiols, sesquiterpenes, and nitrogen-containing compounds. C. albicans volatilomes were most clearly discriminated from C. parapsilosis based on the detection of unique sesquiterpene compounds. The effect of biofilm formation on the C. parapsilosis volatilomes was investigated for the first time by comparing volatilomes of a biofilm-positive strain and a biofilm-negative strain over time (0–48 h) using a novel sampling approach. Volatilomic shifts in the profiles of alcohols, ketones, acids, and acetates were observed specifically in the biofilm-forming samples and attributed to biofilm maturation. This study highlights species-specificity of Candida volatilomes, and also marks the clinical potential for volatilomics for non-invasively detecting fungal pathogens. Additionally, the range of biofilm-specificity across microbial volatilomes is potentially far-reaching, and therefore characterising these volatilomic changes in pathogenic fungal and bacterial biofilms could lead to novel opportunities for detecting severe infections early.

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Structural Diversity of Bacterial Volatiles

Cited by 7 publications

References 104 publications

An Investigation of Stability and Species and Strain-Level Specificity in Bacterial Volatilomes

An Investigation of Stability and Species and Strain-Level Specificity in Bacterial Volatilomes

Characterizing Natural Organic Matter Transformations by Microbial Communities in Terrestrial Subsurface Ecosystems: A Critical Review of Analytical Techniques and Challenges

Multi-Strain and -Species Investigation of Volatile Metabolites Emitted from Planktonic and Biofilm Candida Cultures

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