Structural diagnosis of chloroaluminate compounds by chlorine-35 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Merryman, Don J.; Edwards, Paul A.; Corbett, John D.; McCarley, Robert E.

doi:10.1021/ic50136a043

Cited by 27 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The spread of the coupling constants is small as is the spread in bond length d(Al -CI). A similar conclusion was drawn by Merryman et al 15 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Evans and Lo 14 have investigated the 3o Cl NQR spectrum of polycrystalline samples of NaAlCl4 at room temperature («24°C) and their data are in good agreement with the data we found at T = 295 K + 1 K (22°C±1°C). The room temperature data were also confirmed recently by Merryman et alii 15 . In Table 5 our experimental results are given together with the 37 C1 NQR frequencies.…”

Section: Nqr Of 35 CL In Naalcl Asupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Examples for the detection of phase transformations by NQR are the compounds Me T AlBr4 (Me T = Na) 18 , and Me T GaCl4 (Me T = Ga\ K) 19 . 35 C1 and 69 Ga NQR data on polycrystalline material of compounds containing the ion AlCl4 e have recently been discussed by Merryman et al 15 ' 20 and for compounds containing the ions GaCl4 e and Ga2Cl7 e , respectively, by Deeg and Weiss 19 (cf. ref.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl₄

Scheinert

Weiß

1976

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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On single crystals of NaAlCl4 the NMR-and NQR-spectra of 23 Na, 27 Al, and 35 C1 were studied at room temperature. The crystal structure of NaAlCl4 has been refined. A comparison of the NMR (NQR) data with the crystal structure data shows that the electric field gradients (EFG) at the chlorine sites are mainly determined by the partial covalency of the Al-Cl bond, whereas the EFG at the aluminum sites is determined by the small deviations of the A1C14® ion from tetrahedral symmetry and by the influence of the lattice. | e 2 q Q/h ] ( 23 Na) proves the dominant ionic character of sodium in the lattice. The experimental results for the crystal structure show minor deviations from Baenziger's data.The NMR (NQR) data at T=22 °C are [atom (|e 2 q Q/h | / MHz; ?/)]:

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“…The spread of the coupling constants is small as is the spread in bond length d(Al -CI). A similar conclusion was drawn by Merryman et al 15 …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Nqr Of 35 CL In Naalcl Asupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl₄

Scheinert

Weiß

1976

Zeitschrift Für Naturforschung A

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“…In addition, when the cell is cycled through the iodine evolution potential range (2.8 -3.1 V), highly soluble iodine species are formed that can easily diffuse in the liquid chloroaluminate to new reaction sites and thereby improve the kinetics of the electrode. The existence of poly-and inter-halogen ions has been reported in the literature [14][15][16]. The performanceimproving synergistic effect of sulfur and iodine may be attributed to the formation of SI 3-species, which is analogous to the earlier proposed SC13-ion [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…The existence of poly-and inter-halogen ions has been reported in the literature [14][15][16]. The performanceimproving synergistic effect of sulfur and iodine may be attributed to the formation of SI 3-species, which is analogous to the earlier proposed SC13-ion [14].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Effect of chemical additives on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells

Prakash

Redey

Vissers

2000

Ionics

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Abstract. The effect of chemical additives on the performance of sodium/nickel chloride cells was investigated in quasi-sealed laboratory research cells. The performance of these ceils was measured by galvanostatic and galvanodynamic methods. It was observed that the use of sodium bromide, sulfur, sodium iodide, and a combination of these additives enhance the performance of the Na/NiC12 cells by reducing the area-specific impedance of the nickel chloride electrode. Improved morphology by the use of the poreformer further improves the nickel utilization and the electrode impedance. The performance enhancement is attributed to the chemical and morphological modifications of the nickel chloride electrode in the Na/NiC12 cells. 1, IntroductionThe high theoretical specific energy (790 Wh/kg), high cell voltage (2.59 V), wide temperature range, cell failure mode, and good cycling characteristics of sodium/-nickel chloride (Na/NiC12) battery system have made it a viable candidate for electric vehicle propulsion [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12].The Na/NiCL cell is similar to the Na/S cell in that it uses much of the same technology. For instance, the Na/NiC12 cell, like the Na/S cell, uses a liquid sodium negative electrode and the ]3"-alumina solid electrolyte.However, unlike the sodium/sulfur cell, it uses a secondary electrolyte of molten sodium tetrachloroaluminate (NaA1Cla) in the positive electrode and an insoluble nickel chloride as the active material. The NaAICI4 electrolyte conducts sodium ions from the I]"-A1203 electrolyte to the nickel chloride electrode reaction site. Sodium and Na[A1C14] are molten at the operational temperature (170 to 400 ~ of the cell. Na[A1C14] is added to the porous Ni/NiCI 2 electrode to transport Na + ions from the surface of the [3"-alumina electrolyte to the reaction sites at the interior of the positive electrode. The overall cell reaction is 2Na + NiC12 ~ 2NaC1 + Ni The positive electrode is fabricated from a mixture of NaC1 and nickel powder in the discharged state. During the initial charge, nickel reacts with the chloride ions to form a porous nickel chloride electrode while the sodium ions being reduced at the negative electrode and forming sodium electrode. The electrochemical behavior of NiC12 as the positive electrode in the Na/NiCI 2 cells has been extensively studied [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most of the previous studies [2,[8][9][10][11] acknowledge that the cell performance is limited due to the NiC12 electrode. A detailed study calried out [10,11] on nonporous nickel electrodes [10] suggested that a low-conductivity nickel chloride (NiC12) layer formed on the electrode during charge. The increasingly higher resistance of the charge product inhibits further thickening of the layer and thereby limits the charge uptake and, consequently, the available capacity in the subsequent discharge. Modifying the electrolyte with the NaBr, NaI and sulfur additives was found to produce higher nickel utilization and lower impedance values due to doping effects which is believed...

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Homopolyatomic Ions of the Post‐Transition Elements—Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding

Corbett¹

1976

Progress in Inorganic Chemistry

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Structural diagnosis of chloroaluminate compounds by chlorine-35 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl₄

X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl₄

Effect of chemical additives on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells

Homopolyatomic Ions of the Post‐Transition Elements—Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding

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Structural diagnosis of chloroaluminate compounds by chlorine-35 nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy

Cited by 27 publications

References 25 publications

X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl4

X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl4

Effect of chemical additives on the performance of Na/NiCl2 cells

Homopolyatomic Ions of the Post‐Transition Elements—Synthesis, Structure, and Bonding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl₄

X-Ray, NMR, and NQR Investigations of the Crystal Structure and Charge Distribution of Sodium Tetrachloroaluminate, NaAlCl₄