Structural dependence of antidiabetic effect of steviol glycosides and their metabolites on streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice

Abstract

BACKGROUNDStevia has been proposed as a potential antidiabetic sweetener, mainly based on inconsistent results from stevioside or the plant extract, yet lacking relative experimental evidence from individual steviol glycosides (SGs) and their metabolites.RESULTSThe results systematically revealed that the typical SGs and their final metabolite (steviol) presented an antidiabetic effect on streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic mice in all assayed antidiabetic aspects. In general, the performance strength of the samples followed the sequence steviol > steviol glucosyl ester > steviolbioside > rubusoside > stevioside > rebaudioside A, which is opposite to their sweetness strength order, and generally in accordance with the glucosyl group numbers in their molecules. This may imply that the antidiabetic effect of the SGs might be achieved through steviol, which presented antidiabetic performance similar to that of metformin with a dose of 1/20 that of metformin. Moreover, the 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose traced micro‐PET experiment revealed that stevioside and steviol could increase the uptake of glucose in the myocardium and brain of the diabetic mice within 60 min, and decrease the accumulation of glucose in the liver and kidney.CONCLUSIONSThe SGs and steviol presented an antidiabetic effect on STZ diabetic mice in all assayed aspects, with an induction time to start the effect of the SGs. Stevioside and steviol could increase uptake of glucose in the myocardium and brain of the diabetic mice, and decrease accumulation of glucose in the liver and kidney. The performance strength of the SGs is generally in accordance with glucosyl group numbers in their molecules.

Molecular Networking Leveraging the Secondary Metabolomes Space of Halophila stipulaceae (Forsk.) Aschers. and Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb. ex Solms) Asch. in Tandem with Their Chemosystematics and Antidiabetic Potentials

“…Animals with high serum glucose and low serum insulin levels were considered, such as diabetic rats, and were included in the study. Interestingly, administration of dose-dependent Hs extract resulted in a glucose-lowering action and restored back the insulin levels ( Figure 4 a,b and Supplementary Table S4 ), which can be referred to its exclusive content of steviol glycosides [ 50 ]. Since diabetes is usually allied with pathophysiological conditions attributed to the dysregulation of the glucose transporter GLUT2 [ 51 ], the evaluation of GLUT2 levels was of interest.…”

“…Minding the controversial levels of serum nitric oxide (NO) exerted by its diverse roles played in the body ranging from maintaining the endothelial function to acting as an inflammatory mediator, the NO oxide levels were additionally listed [ 57 , 58 ]. The analyses iteratively revealed Hs extracts delivered 3–4 folds increase in the NO levels versus Th ( Figure 4 d, Supplementary Table S4 ), which could be due to the predominant phenolics and steviol glycosides [ 50 ].…”

Ganoderma lucidum promotes sleep through a gut microbiota-dependent and serotonin-involved pathway in mice

“…d -ribose was found to improve in energy, sleep, mental clarity, pain intensity and well-being of Fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome 43 . Steviol could increase the uptake of myocardial and cerebral glucose that play roles in sleep behaviour disorder 44 , 45 . Indole-3-carboxylic acid is synthesized from tryptophan that can also convert into 5-hydroxytryptophan, the precursor of 5-HT 46 .…”

A comparative study on physicochemical and micellar solubilization performance between monoglucosyl rebaudioside A and rebaudioside A

“…Selection of surfactant is essential for micellar solubilization. As an edible biosurfactant carrying potential beneficial pharmacological properties, 7‐11 steviol glycosides (SGs) have also attracted attention on the solubilization performance. For instance, rubusoside, stevioside and rebaudioside A (RA) have been studied to encapsulate and deliver hydrophobic components such as curcuminoids, phloretin, and paclitaxel 12‐15 .…”