Structural correlates of intellectual impairment and autistic features in adolescents

Spencer, Michael D.; Moorhead, T. William J.; Lymer, G. Katherine S.; Job, Dominic; Muir, Walter; Hoare, Peter; Owens, David C.; Lawrie, Stephen M.; Johnstone, Eve C.

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2006.08.011

Cited by 49 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…White matter abnormalities in ASD, in the form of a significant reduction in density, were reported by Spencer et al [41] and Ke et al [6]. This is in concordance with the present finding in the frontal lobes, which are related to language and behavior.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

MRI Surface-Based Brain Morphometry in Egyptian Autistic and Typically Developing Children

Saleh¹,

Nashaat

Fahim

et al. 2015

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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Objectives: The verbal abilities of autistic children differ from those of typically developing ones and they also differ among autistic children themselves. Neuroanatomical changes and an abnormal organization of functional networks are expected to accompany such a neurodevelopmental disorder. The aim of this study was to delineate the brain neuroanatomical changes in Egyptian children with autism and to compare them with previous studies in order to add more insight into the global brain imaging deviations linked to autism. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five autistic children and 25 typically developing children underwent MRI. Further analysis was performed using surface-based morphometry to obtain cortical thickness, brain volume, and cortical complexity. Results: MRI analysis results revealed significantly greater cortical thickness, cortical complexity, and gray matter volume in the autistic as compared to the control group. On the other hand, the white matter volume was significantly smaller. Conclusion: These findings generally align with findings in previous studies, except for occasional differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

MRI Surface-Based Brain Morphometry in Egyptian Autistic and Typically Developing Children

Saleh¹,

Nashaat

Fahim

et al. 2015

Folia Phoniatr Logop

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“…In fact, in our study, the mean global GM volumes were smaller in subjects in SE than in controls, although the differences remained nonsignificant. Similarly to our results, in a previous study of intellectually disabled adolescents, both global WM and total brain volumes, but not global GM volume, were smaller in subjects than in controls (15). In addition to global volume differences, we demonstrated several regional volume differences between subjects with ID (level 3) and controls.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In children and adolescents with cognitive deficits, many reports applying VBM exist (9 -14). However, to our knowledge, only one VBM study to date has investigated children and adolescents with IDs of unexplained etiology (15). Compared with controls, these subjects had smaller global WM and total brain volumes and also showed several local gray matter (GM) and WM volume differences in both the cerebrum and the cerebellum (15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, to our knowledge, only one VBM study to date has investigated children and adolescents with IDs of unexplained etiology (15). Compared with controls, these subjects had smaller global WM and total brain volumes and also showed several local gray matter (GM) and WM volume differences in both the cerebrum and the cerebellum (15). In intellectually intact children and adolescents, volumetric MRI studies with VBM have demonstrated a positive correlation between global GM volume and general intelligence and positive correlations between intelligence and local GM volume in many brain regions, including the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes and the cerebellum; the correlation varies depending on the mean age of the study population (16,17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Subjects With Intellectual Disability and Familial Need for Full-Time Special Education Show Regional Brain Alterations: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

et al. 2009

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Subjects attending full-time special education (SE) often have multifactorial background for their cognitive impairment, and brain MRI may show nonspecific changes. As voxel-based morphometry reveals regional volume differences, we applied this method to 119 subjects with cognitive impairments and familial need for full-time SE-graded into three levels from specific disorders of cognitive processes (level 1) to intellectual disability (IQ Ͻ70; level 3)-and to 43 age-matched controls attending mainstream education (level 0). Subjects in SE groups had smaller global brain white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid, and total brain volume than controls. Compared with controls, subjects with intellectual disabilities in SE level 3 showed greater regional gray matter volumes bilaterally in the ventral and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and smaller regional gray matter volumes in the left thalamus and cerebellar hemisphere. Further, they had greater WM volume in the left frontoparietal region and smaller WM volumes in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules. Subjects in SE level 1 and 2 groups showed the same tendency, but the results were nonsignificant. In conclusion, compared with controls, subjects with intellectual disabilities showed in voxel-based morphometry analysis several regional brain alterations. In developed countries, approximately one of every five school-aged children needs special education (SE) of some type, and the need for full-time SE is ϳ8% (1,2). Epidemiologic studies indicate that the etiology of intellectual disability (ID) (ICD-10 codes F70 -F79) is unexplained or multifactorial in approximately half of the cases (3), a number even higher among children with specific disorders of cognitive processes (DCP). In MRI examinations, ventricular enlargements, subtle callosal abnormalities, cerebral cortical anomalies, white matter (WM) signal intensity abnormalities, and mild cerebellar fissure enlargements typically appear in subjects with ID (4 -7). These findings have been designated as neuroimaging markers frequently associated with ID (5). Nevertheless, children and adolescents with IDs of unexplained etiology often have brain MRIs considered normal or that reveal only minor abnormalities (5).Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) is a fully automatic method for assessing changes throughout the brain by analyzing local volume differences (8). In children and adolescents with cognitive deficits, many reports applying VBM exist (9 -14). However, to our knowledge, only one VBM study to date has investigated children and adolescents with IDs of unexplained etiology (15). Compared with controls, these subjects had smaller global WM and total brain volumes and also showed several local gray matter (GM) and WM volume differences in both the cerebrum and the cerebellum (15). In intellectually intact children and adolescents, volumetric MRI studies with VBM have demonstrated a positive correlation between global GM volume and general intelligence and positive correlations between intelligence and...

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“…2 Despite this prevalence of LF children with ASD, these patients are rarely investigated, [3][4][5] probably because of the difficulties in cooperating for neuroradiologic investigations.…”

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confidence: 99%

Basal Forebrain Involvement in Low-Functioning Autistic Children: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Riva¹,

Bulgheroni²,

Aquino³

et al. 2011

AJNR Am J Neuroradiol

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Structural correlates of intellectual impairment and autistic features in adolescents

Cited by 49 publications

References 59 publications

MRI Surface-Based Brain Morphometry in Egyptian Autistic and Typically Developing Children

MRI Surface-Based Brain Morphometry in Egyptian Autistic and Typically Developing Children

Subjects With Intellectual Disability and Familial Need for Full-Time Special Education Show Regional Brain Alterations: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Basal Forebrain Involvement in Low-Functioning Autistic Children: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

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