Basal Forebrain Involvement in Low-Functioning Autistic Children: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Riva, Daria; Bulgheroni, Sara; Aquino, Domenico; Salle, Francesco Di; Savoiardo, M.; Erbetta, Alessandra

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2527

Cited by 43 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…This is in accord with many previous VBM studies (Abell et al 1999;Boddaert et al 2004;Brieber et al 2007;Salmond et al 2007;Ke et al 2009;Dziobek et al 2010;Kosaka et al 2010;Toal et al 2010;Riva et al 2011;Via et al 2011;Yu et al 2011). However, other studies have found gray matter increases in some of these and other regions in ASD, making the current picture on structural brain differences in ASD somewhat inconsistent (Amaral et al 2008).…”

Section: Regional Gray Matter Abnormalities and Their Correlation Witsupporting

confidence: 87%

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

David

Schultz

Milne

et al. 2013

J Autism Dev Disord

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Individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) show hallmark deficits in social perception. These difficulties might also reflect fundamental deficits in integrating visual signals. We contrasted predictions of a social perception and a spatialndash;temporal integration deficit account. Participants with ASD and matched controls performed two tasks: the first required spatiotemporal integration of global motion signals without social meaning, the second required processing of socially relevant local motion. The ASD group only showed differences to controls in social motion evaluation. In addition, gray matter volume in the temporalndash;parietal junction correlated positively with accuracy in social motion perception in the ASD group. Our findings suggest that socialndash;perceptual difficulties in ASD cannot be reduced to deficits in spatialndash;temporal integration

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Section: Regional Gray Matter Abnormalities and Their Correlation Witsupporting

confidence: 87%

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

David

Schultz

Milne

et al. 2013

J Autism Dev Disord

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“…In autism, reports of basal forebrain neuron pathology (Kemper and Bauman, 1998), morphological abnormalities (Riva et al, 2011) and reduced cortical cholinergic receptor function (Perry et al, 2001) are consistent with the idea of aberrant cholinergic encoding of precision in autism, and selective cholinergic interventions are considered a fruitful avenue for development of autism therapeutics (Deutsch et al, 2010). In another recent mouse model of autism, systematically increasing the availability of acetylcholine was found to alleviate behavioral symptoms consistent with autism (Karvat and Kimchi, 2013).…”

Section: The Neuromodulatory Basis Of Precisionmentioning

confidence: 89%

An aberrant precision account of autism

Lawson

Rees

Friston

2014

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

528

598

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Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problems with social-communication, restricted interests and repetitive behavior. A recent and thought-provoking article presented a normative explanation for the perceptual symptoms of autism in terms of a failure of Bayesian inference (Pellicano and Burr, 2012). In response, we suggested that when Bayesian inference is grounded in its neural instantiation—namely, predictive coding—many features of autistic perception can be attributed to aberrant precision (or beliefs about precision) within the context of hierarchical message passing in the brain (Friston et al., 2013). Here, we unpack the aberrant precision account of autism. Specifically, we consider how empirical findings—that speak directly or indirectly to neurobiological mechanisms—are consistent with the aberrant encoding of precision in autism; in particular, an imbalance of the precision ascribed to sensory evidence relative to prior beliefs.

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“…This suggests that high-resolution scanning may not be the best solution to improve functional imaging of subcortical areas. Other studies have also used a similar kernel size for the detection of subcortical brain activation (Minzenberg et al, 2008; Riva et al, 2011; Tomasi and Volkow, 2014). For the activation in the cortical regions (and surface views in the figures), we reported results based on the whole-brain normalization method, while for the activation in the subcortical regions (and section views in the figures) results are based on the two-stage normalization method described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The activation of interactive attentional networks

et al. 2016

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Attention can be conceptualized as comprising the functions of alerting, orienting, and executive control. Although the independence of these functions has been demonstrated, the neural mechanisms underlying their interactions remain unclear. Using the revised attention network test and functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined cortical and subcortical activity related to these attentional functions and their interactions. Results showed that areas in the extended frontoparietal network (FPN), including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, frontal eye fields (FEF), areas near and along the intraparietal sulcus, anterior cingulate and anterior insular cortices, basal ganglia, and thalamus were activated across multiple attentional functions. Specifically, the alerting function was associated with activation in the locus coeruleus (LC) in addition to regions in the FPN. The orienting functions were associated with activation in the superior colliculus (SC) and the FEF. The executive control function was mainly associated with activation of the FPN and cerebellum. The interaction effect of alerting by executive control was also associated with activation of the FPN, while the interaction effect of validity by executive control was mainly associated with the activation in the pulvinar. The current findings demonstrate that cortical and specific subcortical areas play a pivotal role in the implementation of attentional functions and underlie their dynamic interactions.

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Basal Forebrain Involvement in Low-Functioning Autistic Children: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study

Cited by 43 publications

References 43 publications

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

Right Temporoparietal Gray Matter Predicts Accuracy of Social Perception in the Autism Spectrum

An aberrant precision account of autism

The activation of interactive attentional networks

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