Acetylcarnitine hydrochloride monohy drate, C 9H 17N 0 4 . H C1. H20, is monoclinic, space group P2 ~/c, with a = 12.037 (1), b = 9.509 (1), c = 12.449 (I) A, fl = 109.20 (1) °, Z = 4. Counter Oata collected with Mo Ka radiation were used to derive the structure by direct methods. Refinement by full-matrix least squares led to an R of 0-055 for 2441 reflexions with I > 0. Bond distances and angles of the acetylcarnitine cation agree well with those of other/~-substituted acetylcholine derivatives. The conformational analysis of the isolated molecule, performed with the force field made up by torsional barriers about single bonds and non-bonded interactions, shows three minima in the energy surface. One of these corresponds to the experimental configuration in the crystal.