Structural, Chemical and Biological Aspects of Antioxidants for Strategies Against Metal and Metalloid Exposure

Abstract

Oxidative stress contributes to the pathophysiology of exposure to heavy metals/metalloid. Beneficial renal effects of some medications, such as chelation therapy depend at least partially on the ability to alleviate oxidative stress. The administration of various natural or synthetic antioxidants has been shown to be of benefit in the prevention and attenuation of metal induced biochemical alterations. These include vitamins, N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, melatonin, dietary flavonoids and many others. Human studies are limited in this regard. Under certain conditions, surprisingly, the antioxidant supplements may exhibit pro-oxidant properties and even worsen metal induced toxic damage. To date, the evidence is insufficient to recommend antioxidant supplements in subject with exposure to metals. Prospective, controlled clinical trials on safety and effectiveness of different therapeutic antioxidant strategies either individually or in combination with chelating agent are indispensable. The present review focuses on structural, chemical and biological aspects of antioxidants particularly related to their chelating properties.

Neuroprotective Role of Quercetin against Arsenic Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Brain

“…Quercetin co-administration to arsenic treated rats, showed an appreciable improvement in the overall histo-architecture Lipid peroxidation is a vital marker for toxicity induced by various xenobiotics and is thought to be a consequence of oxidative stress initiated when the dynamic balance between peroxidant and antioxidant mechanism is impaired. Its significance lies in the fact that increases in the peroxidation of membrane lipids by the action of free radicals results in the loss of membrane integrity and function [33].…”

The importance of iron chelation and iron availability during PpIX-induced photodynamic therapy

“…However, due to its multiple valences, iron can also play an important role in ROS biology [50] and has the potential to increase cytotoxicity from PDT. Iron is important in the generation of the hydroxyl radical as well as in lipid peroxidation [51].…”

Cucurbitacin Augments Insulin Sensitivity and Glucose Uptake Through Translocation and Activation of Glut4 in Pi3k/Akt Signaling Pathway

“…[1,10] It has also been well known that oxidative stress associated lipid peroxidation improved under the diabetic conditions. Diabetes is noticeable by enhanced these reactive oxygen [36] However, these ROS are managed by endogenous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. [37] Oxidative stress associated lipid peroxidation and ROS generations are strongly connected with the diabetic rodent study and clinical models.…”