“…EPMA showed that the surface of the film was Cu-rich and XRD confirmed that some films had a chalcopyrite structure whilst others also contained a ''foreign'' phase. Structural characterisation of V 2 O 5 -TiO 2 thin films deposited by rf sputtering from a titanium target with a vanadium inset was reported by Alessandri et al 398 using mXRF. The V/Ti atomic ratio of samples treated at 300 1C was found to be 0.18, 0.25 and 0.82.…”