Structural Characterization of Solar Cell Prototypes Based on Nanocrystalline TiO<sub>2</sub> Anatase Sensitized with Ru Complexes. X-ray Diffraction, XPS, and XAFS Spectroscopy Study

Zubavichus, Yan V.; Slovokhotov, Yu.L.; Nazeeruddin, Md. K.; Zakeeruddin, Shaik M.; Grätzel, and Michael; Shklover, Valery

doi:10.1021/cm020123d

Cited by 85 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(91 reference statements)

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“…The measured S(2p 3/2 ) binding energy of 162.0 eV was in excellent agreement with other studies. [19] A sulfonate peak at À168 eV was not observed, which suggests that the SAM of 3 b adsorbed on gold as a thiolate.…”

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confidence: 94%

Molecular Monolayer Nonvolatile Memory with Tunable Molecules

et al. 2009

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With the development of the information industry, computer chips play a central role in information storage and have become highly integrated. Currently, there is increasing interest in the use of organic and polymer materials as nonvolatile memory elements.[1] Organic nonvolatile memory is a possible substitute for volatile dynamic random access memory (DRAM), which typically requires a data refresh every few milliseconds, and has the advantage of very low power consumption. However, limitations of the nanoscaled device fabrication of vapor-deposited organic resistive random access memory (ORRAM) [2] and spin-coated polymer resistive random access memory (PORAM) [3] have led to increased importance of molecular monolayer memory using organic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Several research groups have developed possible voltage-driven molecular memory devices possessing the advantages of fast response time and highly dense circuits over a photodriven circuit, [4] using a molecular monolayer for metal-molecule-metal (MMM) devices.[5] However, the use of molecular monolayers has been limited by low device yields, which are mainly attributed to electrical shorting, [6] especially for voltagedriven devices. As the top metal electrode is deposited onto the molecular monolayer, energetic metal atoms can degrade the SAM molecules, [7] and metal particles often penetrate the molecular monolayers to form metallic current paths.[8] To reduce the degree of electrical shorting, the following issues have been considered: the compactness and robustness of Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films [9] and SAMs; [10] the use of bilayer SAMs; [11] a metal electrode with a nanosized surface area; [12] reduction of the surface roughness of the metal electrode;[13] a Pd nanowire [14] or single-walled carbon nanotube [15] as a substitute for the top metal electrode; and the use of a conducting polymer layer (PEDOT:PSS) [16] as a soft portion of the top metal electrode on the molecular monolayer. Although various prototype molecular monolayer memory devices, including a photodriven example, [4] have been introduced, there are very few reports on molecular monolayer nonvolatile memory (MMNVM). For the fabrication of MMNVM, the design of redox-active molecular memory SAM materials becomes a critical factor, especially for the development of a voltage-driven MMNVM that requires direct contact measurement of the memory effect through a molecular monolayer between the bottom and top electrodes. It was recently demonstrated by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) that Ru II terpyridine complexes without alkyl chains-metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) complexes-have a voltage-driven molecular switch in the solid-state molecular junction. [17] In the fabrication of a molecular monolayer memory device, however, the direct use of Ru II terpyridine complexes without alkyl chains results in electrical shorting. In an implementation of molecular monolayer memory circuits with high yield, it is important to reduce the electrical shorting by modifying the...

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confidence: 94%

Molecular Monolayer Nonvolatile Memory with Tunable Molecules

et al. 2009

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“…14 We report here the characterization by MAS-NMR of carbon-13 resonances of the common DSC sensitizing dye N719 adsorbed on TiO 2 . Attempts have been made to characterize the TiO 2 -N719 interface using vibrational, [15][16][17][18][19] X-ray absorption (XAFS and XANES) 20 and photoelectron spectroscopy 21 techniques. These investigations indicate that the dye binds to the TiO 2 surface through carboxylate groups, but their number is still a matter of debate.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solid-state carbon-13 NMR and computational characterization of the N719 ruthenium sensitizer adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles

et al. 2014

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The ruthenium-containing sensitizing dye N719 grafted on TiO 2 nanoparticles was investigated by solidstate NMR. The carbon resonances are assigned by means of 13 C cross-polarized dipolar dephasing experiments. DFT calculations of the carbon magnetic shielding tensors accurately describe the changes in chemical shifts observed upon grafting onto a titania surface via one or two carboxylic functions in the plane defined by the two isothiocyanate groups.

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“…[6,[20][21][22] It is conceived that the absorption spectra of the black dyes are dominated by metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) transitions. For example, the absorption spectrum of the monoprotonated black dye complex (hereafter named 1H) in ethanol exhibits three MLCT bands in the visible region centered at 610, 536, and 411 nm, and a high-energy πǞπ* band at about 340 nm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Studies of the Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of [Ru(Htcterpy)(NCS)₃]^3–

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2007

Eur J Inorg Chem

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The ground-and excited-state structures of [Ru(Htcterpy)-(NCS) 3 ] 3-(1H) (tcterpy = 4,4Ј,4ЈЈ-tricarboxy-2,2Ј:6Ј,2ЈЈ-terpyridine) are optimized by the DFT and CIS methods, respectively. Absorption and emission spectra in the gas phase and in solution (ethanol and water) are predicted at the TD-DFT/ B3LYP level. Experimental spectra are roughly reproduced by our calculated results. In ethanol solution, the HOMOs of the absorption spectra are dominated by d orbitals of the ruthenium atom and thiocyanate ligands, and the LUMOs possess π*(tcterpy) character with considerable carboxyl contribution. In the theoretically simulated absorption spectra, the first four bands are attributed to Ru/NCSǞπ*(tcterpy) charge-transfer (MLCT/LLCT) transitions, whereas the fifth

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Structural Characterization of Solar Cell Prototypes Based on Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Anatase Sensitized with Ru Complexes. X-ray Diffraction, XPS, and XAFS Spectroscopy Study

Cited by 85 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular Monolayer Nonvolatile Memory with Tunable Molecules

Molecular Monolayer Nonvolatile Memory with Tunable Molecules

Solid-state carbon-13 NMR and computational characterization of the N719 ruthenium sensitizer adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles

Theoretical Studies of the Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of [Ru(Htcterpy)(NCS)₃]^3–

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Structural Characterization of Solar Cell Prototypes Based on Nanocrystalline TiO2 Anatase Sensitized with Ru Complexes. X-ray Diffraction, XPS, and XAFS Spectroscopy Study

Cited by 85 publications

References 41 publications

Molecular Monolayer Nonvolatile Memory with Tunable Molecules

Molecular Monolayer Nonvolatile Memory with Tunable Molecules

Solid-state carbon-13 NMR and computational characterization of the N719 ruthenium sensitizer adsorbed on TiO2 nanoparticles

Theoretical Studies of the Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of [Ru(Htcterpy)(NCS)3]3–

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Structural Characterization of Solar Cell Prototypes Based on Nanocrystalline TiO₂ Anatase Sensitized with Ru Complexes. X-ray Diffraction, XPS, and XAFS Spectroscopy Study

Theoretical Studies of the Electronic Structure and Spectroscopic Properties of [Ru(Htcterpy)(NCS)₃]^3–