Structural Characterization of Four Chinese Bituminous Coals by X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Qiu, Shuxing; Zhang, Shengfu; Zhou, Xiaosheng; Zhu, Rongjin; Qiu, Guibao; Wu, Yue; Suo, Guangsheng

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-05749-7_2

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The characteristic parameters (fa, d002, Lc) obtained from the curve-fitting of the γ and 002 bands are plotted in Figure 3. According to Figure 3a, the aromaticity (fa) values from the different bituminous coal samples varied from 0.653 to 0.723, which are consistent with the literature [14,15]. From Figure 3b, the interlayer spacing (d002) values of bituminous coal samples are in the range of 0.352-0.359 nm.…”

Section: Phase Composition Of Bituminous Coalsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Although the calcite and pyrite may have the catalytic effect on coal combustion [27,28], this work has not been considered for catalysis due to the low content of these minerals in bituminous coal. [14,15]. From Figure 3b, the interlayer spacing (d 002 ) values of bituminous coal samples are in the range of 0.352-0.359 nm.…”

Section: Phase Composition Of Bituminous Coalmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…However, rare works have focused on the relationships between coal combustion behavior and chemical structure. Currently, coal chemical structure has been analyzed using several modern techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) [14][15][16]. This work will initially view the coal chemical structure and then provide a greater understanding of relationships between the coal combustion and chemical structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Combustion Behavior in Air and the Chemical Structure of Bituminous Coal during Combustion Processes

et al. 2022

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The structural parameters of five bituminous coals were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction and attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The combustion behavior of coal was investigated by using a thermogravimetric analyzer under air conditions. Furthermore, the relationships between combustion parameters and the coal structure were established. The results show that bituminous coals contain crystalline and amorphous carbon. The aromaticity, interlayer spacing, average stacking height, aliphatic chain length, and the hydrocarbon-generating potential varied with the different bituminous coals. The coal samples exhibited similar weight changes during the combustion process, and the combustion parameters increased with increments in heating rate. The maximum combustion rate and activation energy increased with declining interlayer spacing and hydrocarbon-generating potential and increasing aromaticity, average stacking height, and aliphatic chain length. The bituminous coal for the utilization of combustion should have high aromaticity, a degree of graphitization, crystalline, long aliphatic chain length, and weak hydrocarbon-generating potential.

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Section: Phase Composition Of Bituminous Coalsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Phase Composition Of Bituminous Coalmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationships between Combustion Behavior in Air and the Chemical Structure of Bituminous Coal during Combustion Processes

et al. 2022

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“…[22] Recent studies showed that the NLR can be an indicator to predict disease progression of patients with autoimmune encephalitis [23] and may be related to poor prognosis. [24] In this study, the damaged BBB group has a higher NLR than the normal BBB group, which may be attributed to a severe inflammatory response to damaged BBB patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 63%

The Clinical Features and Prognosis of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Depends on Blood Brain Barrier Integrity

Cao

et al. 2021

Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders

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Background: Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune nervous system disease that has become increasingly recognized. This retrospective study is aimed to analyze the relations between clinical manifestations and blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity in anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients. Methods: Anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients were admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from April 2014 to April 2020. Patients were grouped by the normal BBB and damaged BBB groups according to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albumin/serum albumin (QAlb). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in peripheral blood was used for estimating the inflammatory status. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) was used to assess prognosis. Results: Seventy-three anti-NMDAR encephalitis patients were diagnosed based on the autoimmune encephalitis diagnosis criteria of 2016. Fifty-three (72.6%) patients were in the normal BBB group and twenty (27.4%) were in the BBB damaged group. There were no significant differences in gender, age, psychiatric disturbances, epilepsy, speech disorder, motor dysfunction, memory dysfunction, and autonomic dysfunction between the two groups (p>0.05). Nevertheless, the proportions of decreased consciousness, ICU admission, NLR, CSF protein and intrathecal IgG synthesis (IgGIF, IgGLoc) in the damaged BBB group were higher than that in the normal BBB group (p<0.05). Patients (79.2%) with normal BBB had good prognosis compared to patients with damaged BBB (50%) after 2 months follow-up. The median mRS before and after immunotherapy in the damaged BBB group were significantly higher than that in the normal BBB group (p<0.01, p<0.05, respectively). Additionally, QAlb increased was positively correlated with the quantitative intrathecal IgG synthesis (IgGLoc: r=0.66; IgGIF: r=0.433, all p<0.001). Conclusion: The dysfunction of BBB can be helpful in evaluating its prognosis since QAlb showed associations with ICU admission, NLR, a higher CSF protein, intrathecal IgG synthesis (IgGLoc, IgGIF) and mRS score after 2 months follow-up.

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“…Interparticle screening, reported by B 2 values, reflects interactions between different molecular chains. It depends in a non-trivial way on both the valence and concentration of the charge compensating ion 59,60 , and is related to the lower entropic cost of associating a smaller number of Mg ions around the nucleic acid compared to monovalent Na ions 61,62 .) Finally, the distinct behavior of these sequences in Mg 2+ is once again recovered: lower inter-chain repulsion (smaller B 2 ) is found in poly rA than in poly rU across all probed [Mg 2+ ].…”

Section: Ion Atmosphere Measurements Reveal Sequence Specific Ion Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualizing Disordered Single-Stranded RNA: Connecting Sequence, Structure, and Electrostatics

2019

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Disordered homopolymeric regions of single-stranded RNA, such as U or A tracts, are found within functional RNAs where they play distinct roles in defining molecular structure and facilitating recognition by partners. Despite this prominence, details of conformational and biophysical properties of these regions have not yet been resolved. We apply a number of experimental techniques to investigate the conformations of these biologically important motifs, and provide quantitative measurements of their ion atmospheres. Single strands of RNA display pronounced sequence dependent conformations that relate to the unique ion atmospheres each attracts. Chains of rU bases are relatively unstructured under all conditions, while chains of rA bases display distinct ordering, through stacking or clustering motifs, depending on the composition of the surrounding solution. These dramatic structural differences are consistent with the measured disparity in ion composition and atmospheres around each homopolymer, revealing a complex interplay of base, ion and single-strand ordering. The unique structural and ionic signatures of homopolymer ssRNAs explains their role(s) in folding structured RNAs, and may explain their distinct recognition by protein partners.

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Structural Characterization of Four Chinese Bituminous Coals by X-Ray Diffraction, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Relationships between Combustion Behavior in Air and the Chemical Structure of Bituminous Coal during Combustion Processes

Relationships between Combustion Behavior in Air and the Chemical Structure of Bituminous Coal during Combustion Processes

The Clinical Features and Prognosis of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis Depends on Blood Brain Barrier Integrity

Visualizing Disordered Single-Stranded RNA: Connecting Sequence, Structure, and Electrostatics

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