Structural Characterization and Immunostimulatory Activity of Polysaccharides from Brassica rapa L.

Abstract

Two neutral polysaccharides (BRNP-1, 6.9 kDa; BRNP-2, 4.8 kDa) were purified from the common edible plant Brassica rapa L. via the combined techniques of ion-exchange chromatography and high-performance gel permeation chromatography. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 were composed of glucosyl residues. Methylation and 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses revealed that both BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 contained a backbone chain that was composed of α-D-(1 → 4)-linked Glcp residues and side chains that were composed of terminally linked Glcp residues attached at the O-6 position of backbone-glycosyl residues. BRNP-1 and BRNP-2, however, differed in branch degree and molecular weight. Bioassay results showed that treatment with the higher dosage (400 μg/mL) of BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 stimulated the proliferation, NO release, and cytokine secretion (IL-6 and TNF-α) of RAW264.7 macrophages. These results suggested that BRNP-1 and BRNP-2 may enhance macrophage-mediated immune responses.

Sulfated heteropolysaccharides from Undaria pinnatifida: Structural characterization and transcript-metabolite profiling of immunostimulatory effects on RAW264.7 cells

“…The FT-IR spectra ( Fig. 1 f), UPPs 1–3 showed typical signals of sulfated polysaccharides assigned in line with those reported data ( Chen et al, 2017 ). The broadbands at 3400 cm −1 (O—H stretching vibration), 2932 cm −1 (C—H stretching), 1415 cm −1 (C—H bending vibration), 1606 cm −1 for the uronic acid signal (C—H stretching vibration of C O), 1300 cm −1 (O S = O stretching vibration) ( Zhang et al, 2019 ) and 820 cm −1 (C—O—S vibration) ( Foley, Szegezdi, Mulloy, Samali & Tuohy, 2011 ) were identified.…”

Effect of polysaccharides from Tibetan turnip (Brassica rapaL.) on the gut microbiome afterin vitrofermentation andin vivometabolism

“…1 Besides, TTP also has a variety of biological activities: anti-fatigue, anti-hypoxia, antioxidation, and immunomodulatory activities. [1][2][3][4] However, the digestive properties of TTP and its effect on intestinal microbes remain unclear. This is essential for its development as a functional component.…”

“…13 Butyrate can enhance colon barrier defense, and prevent and inhibit the occurrence of colon cancer. 14 The purpose of this study was to (1) explore the molecular weight changes during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion; (2) evaluate the changes in SCFAs, volatile components, and intestinal flora in vivo and in vitro; (3) study the regulation mechanism of TTP on the intestinal microbes in mice; and (4) analyze the correlation between microbes and SCFAs to reveal the critical microbiota and predict the intestinal metabolic function of TTP based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. This study can provide basic theoretical support for various applications of TTP in food and pharmaceutical industries, and partially reveal its prebiotic effect.…”

Compared extraction methods on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and optimization of enzyme‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Gynura medica

“…There are many bioactive substances discovered from Gynura medica , including phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoid, and polysaccharides. Polysaccharides from Gynura medica have been regarded as the main constituents, which have a broad range of biological activities, including immunomodulatory, regulating intestinal microflora, hepatoprotective, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor effects (Chen, Wufuer et al, ; Chen, Yang, et al, ; Gao, Wang, Peng, & Li, ; Hoang, Kim, Lee, You, & Lee, ; Pan et al, ; Zhu, Chen, Li, Wang, & Li, ). Since polysaccharides have been proved to be no side effects and non‐toxic bioactive substances, they have been extensively applied in pharmaceutical, food, and cosmetic industries.…”