Structural changes in residual lignin of Eucalyptus urophylla Eucalyptus grandis LH 107 oxygen delignified kraft pulp upon chlorine dioxide bleaching

Facile and Green Synthesis of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals as Efficient Adsorbents in Wastewater Treatments

“…Comparison of absorption kinetic models of MB on CNCs at different reaction times: (A) effect of contact time on dye absorption of CNCs, (B) pseudo-first-order model, and (C) pseudo-second-order model. Maximum theoretical q e (D) of CNCs in this work and CNF aerogel, biochar, lignin, sulfate CNF, cellulose, luffa, and luffa cylindrical fibers …”

“…The correlation coefficient R 2 suggests that the adsorption kinetics of the carboxylated CNCs corresponded to the pseudo-second-order kinetics, and the absorption of MB by CNCs is driven by chemical adsorption via the exchange or sharing of electrons between the cationic group of the dye and the anion carboxyl group of CNCs . Furthermore, Figure D shows that carboxylated CNCs possessed a higher maximum theoretical q e of 118.7 mg/g, which was better than the CNC adsorbent extracted from other studies (CNF aerogel, biochar, lignin, sulfate CNF, cellulose, luffa, and luffa cylindrical fibers). Indeed, the prepared carboxylated CNC showed lower adsorption capacity than some porous materials.…”

An overview on fast pyrolysis of the main constituents in lignocellulosic biomass to valued-added chemicals: Structures, pathways and interactions

“…The chemical structure of lignin is built up quite different from those of the polysaccharides, consisting of an irregular polymer of various phenolic-C3 alkyl side-chain (-C α -C β -C γ ) monomeric (C9) units [47]. Unlike cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin has several different types of linkages between the monomeric (C9) units, which were quite influenced by its origin, isolation method and analytical technology [36,[48][49][50][51][52][53]. The frequency of the major linkages per 100 C9 units in softwood lignin and hardwood lignin was estimated in Table 1 by Alder [54], and a simplified schematics for polymeric structure of woody lignin is correspondingly proposed by Shen and Gu [55] involving the C9 units and the linkages.…”

Effect of lignin structure on adsorbable organic halogens formation in chlorine dioxide bleaching

“…Theoretically, reaction rates and sequences vary between the different lignin structures. In turn, the performance of a solution containing many structures should differ from that of a solution containing a single structure [28][29][30]. It is unclear how the combination of various structures influences a reaction.…”