Structural and Mass Spectrometric Imaging Analyses of Adhered Tunic and Adhesive Projections of Solitary Ascidians

Ueki, Tomoyuki; Koike, Kanae; Fukuba, Ikuko; Yamaguchi, Nobuo

doi:10.2108/zs180051

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…DOPA is an essential component of mussel adhesives (reviewed in [1]). Consistent with a cohesive/adhesive function in tunicate larvae, DOPA and TOPA (2,4,5trihydroxyphenylalanine) residues are known components of blood cells populating the adult tunic that contribute to wound healing [18] and are present in the adult adhesive extensions of the tunic [39,40]. In mussels, DOPA residues are a major component of their adhesive proteins and contribute to the byssus thread hardening and are therefore widely used in mussel-mimetic glues (reviewed in [2]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying adhesive components in a model tunicate

Zeng

Wunderer

Salvenmoser

et al. 2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Tunicates populate a great variety of marine underwater substrates worldwide and represent a significant concern in marine shipping and aquaculture. Adhesives are secreted from the anterior papillae of their swimming larvae, which attach and metamorphose into permanently adhering, filter-feeding adults. We recently described the cellular composition of the sensory adhesive organ of the model tunicate Ciona intestinalis in great detail. Notably, the adhesive secretions of collocytes accumulate at the tip of the organ and contain glycoproteins. Here, we further explore the components of adhesive secretions and have screened for additional specificities that may influence adhesion or cohesion of the Ciona glue, including other carbohydrate moieties, catechols and substrate properties. We found a distinct set of sugar residues in the glue recognized by specific lectins with little overlap to other known marine adhesives. Surprisingly, we also detect catechol residues that likely originate from an adjacent cellular reservoir, the test cells. Furthermore, we provide information on substrate preferences where hydrophobicity outperforms charge in the attachment. Finally, we can influence the settlement process by the addition of hydrophilic heparin. The further analysis of tunicate adhesive strategies should provide a valuable knowledge source in designing physiological adhesives or green antifoulants. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Transdisciplinary approaches to the study of adhesion and adhesives in biological systems’.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying adhesive components in a model tunicate

Zeng

Wunderer

Salvenmoser

et al. 2019

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…The collocytes contain two types of vesicles with fibrous polysaccharides and glycoproteinaceous contents, respectively (Zeng et al, 2019a). Adhesion continues throughout growth of the animal via the ampullae, which are holdfast extensions of the tunic that lack glandular organs but that seem to produce adhesive material by epithelial secretion (Ueki et al, 2018).…”

Section: ) Platyhelminthesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Omics‐based molecular analyses of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates

et al. 2021

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Many aquatic invertebrates are associated with surfaces, using adhesives to attach to the substratum for locomotion, prey capture, reproduction, building or defence. Their intriguing and sophisticated biological glues have been the focus of study for decades. In all but a couple of specific taxa, however, the precise mechanisms by which the bioadhesives stick to surfaces underwater and (in many cases) harden have proved to be elusive. Since the bulk components are known to be based on proteins in most organisms, the opportunities provided by advancing 'omics technologies have revolutionised bioadhesion research. Time-consuming isolation and analysis of single molecules has been either replaced or augmented by the generation of massive data sets that describe the organism's translated genes and proteins. While these new approaches have provided resources and opportunities that have enabled physiological insights and taxonomic comparisons that were not previously possible, they do not provide the complete picture and continued multi-disciplinarity is essential. This review covers the various ways in which 'omics have contributed to our understanding of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates, with new data to illustrate key points. The associated challenges are highlighted and priorities are suggested for future research.

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“…Ascidian research is a particularly active community with numerous groups working worldwide using three main culturing methods. One most straightforward technique is onsite processing (Roberts et al, 2007; Sheets et al, 2016; Zondag et al, 2016; Ueki et al, 2018; Hiebert et al, 2019) ( Fig. 1B ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ascidian research is an active community with numerous groups working worldwide using three main culturing methods. One most straightforward technique is onsite processing (Roberts et al, 2007;Sheets et al, 2016;Zondag et al, 2016;Ueki et al, 2018;Hiebert et al, 2019). No long-term culture is involved, animals are sampled in their natural environment and directly processed for downstream analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial seawater based long-term culture of colonial ascidians

Wawrzyniak

Serrato

Blanchoud

2021

Preprint

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1.AbstractTunicates are highly diverse marine invertebrate filter-feeders that are vertebrates’ closest relatives. These organisms, despite a drastically different body plan during their adulthood, have a tissue complexity related to that of vertebrates. Ascidians, which compose most of the Tunicata, are benthic sessile hermaphrodites that reproduce sexually through a motile tadpole larval stage. Over half of the known ascidians species are able to reproduce asexually through budding, typically leading to the formation of colonies where animals, called zooids, are interconnected by an external vascular system. In addition, colonial ascidians are established models for important biological processes including allorecognition, immunobiology, aging, angiogenesis and whole-body regeneration. However, the current paucity in breeding infrastructures limits the study of these animals to coastal regions.To promote a wider scientific spreading and popularity of colonial ascidians, we have developed a flexible recirculating husbandry setup for their long-term in-lab culture. Our system is inspired both by the flow-through aquariums used by coastal ascidian labs, as well as by the recirculating in-lab systems used for zebrafish research. Our hybrid system thus combines colony breeding, water filtering and food culturing in a semi-automated system where specimens develop on hanging microscopy glass slides. Temperature, light/dark cycles, flow speed and feeding rates can be controlled independently in four different breeding environments to provide room for species-specific optimization as well as for running experiments. This setup is complemented with a quarantine for the acclimatization of wild isolates.We here present our success in breeding Botrylloides diegensis, a species of colonial ascidians, for more than 3 years in recirculating artificial seawater over 600 km from their natural habitat. We show that colonies adapt well to in-lab culturing and that a specific strain can be isolated, propagated and used for research efficiently over prolonged periods of time. The flexible and modular structure of our system can be scaled and adapted to the needs of specific species as well as of particular laboratory spaces. Overall, we show that Botrylloides diegensis can be proficiently bred in-land and suggest that our results can be extended to other species of colonial ascidians to promote research on these fascinating animals.HighlightsFirst in-land recirculating aquaculture for colonial ascidiansOver 3 years of continuous breedingSemi-automated setup with minimized maintenanceGood biomass production for strain propagation4 different culture conditions for optimized breeding for species of interest

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Structural and Mass Spectrometric Imaging Analyses of Adhered Tunic and Adhesive Projections of Solitary Ascidians

Cited by 14 publications

References 51 publications

Identifying adhesive components in a model tunicate

Identifying adhesive components in a model tunicate

Omics‐based molecular analyses of adhesion by aquatic invertebrates

Artificial seawater based long-term culture of colonial ascidians

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